GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/all/commented/%E2%88%9E/links?p=204

Response
200 OK
IP
3.133.134.63
Profiled on
Token
48b56d

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators 
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
 0.22 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
 0.04 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#238
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#158 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#198 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#233 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#200 …}
  +slug: "QubesOS-Disarm-BusKill-Dead-Man-Switch-with-Keyboard-Shortcut-Guide"
  +title: "[QubesOS] Disarm BusKill Dead Man Switch with Keyboard Shortcut (Guide)"
  +url: "https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/"
  +body: """
    This article describes how to setup keyboard shortcuts in QubesOS so that you can temporarily disarm (pause) the BusKill laptop kill cord.\n
    \n
    This allows the user to, for example, go to the bathroom without causing their computer to shutdown or self-destruct.\n
    \n
    [![Arm  Disarm BusKill in QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_featuredImage.jpg)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm)\n
    \n
    This is a guide that builds on part one: [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/). Before reading this, you should already be familiar with how to [setup udev rules for BusKill on QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-os/).\n
    \n
    1. [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/)\n
    2. Disarm BusKill in QubesOS (2/2)\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: This post is adapted from its original [article on Tom Hocker's blog](https://humandecoded.io/qubes-os-yubikey-buskill/).\n
    \n
    What is BusKill?\n
    ================\n
    \n
    > What if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? They'd also be able to recover data from previous DispVMs--as Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files are *not* securely shredded after your DispVM is destroyed.\n
    \n
    Are you a security researcher, journalist, or intelligence operative that works in QubesOS--exploiting Qubes' [brilliant security-through-compartimentalization](https://freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to keep your data safe? Do you make use of Whonix [Disposable VMs](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/disposablevm/) for your work? Great! This post is for you.\n
    \n
    I'm sure your QubesOS laptop has Full Disk Encryption and you're using a strong passphrase. But what if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? Not only will they get access to all of your AppVM's private data and the currently-running Whonix DispVM's data, but there's a high chance they'd be able to recover data from [previous DispVMs](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/DisposableVM#Warnings)--as **Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files ([volatile.img](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion)) are [*not* securely shredded](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/904) after your DispVM is destroyed** by Qubes!\n
    \n
    Let's say you're a journalist, activist, whistleblower, or a human rights worker in an oppressive regime. Or an intelligence operative behind enemy lines doing research or preparing a top-secret document behind a locked door. What do you do to protect your data, sources, or assets when the secret police suddenly batter down your door? How quickly can you *actually* act to shutdown your laptop and shred your RAM and/or FDE encryption keys?\n
    \n
    | [![BusKill Demo](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/02/busKillDemo.mp4)](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) |\n
    |---|\n
    | *Watch the [BusKill Explainer Video](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) for more info [youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4](https://www.youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4)* |\n
    \n
    BusKill utilizes a magnetic trip-wire that tethers your body to your laptop. If you suddenly jump to your feet or fall off your chair (in response to the battering ram crashing through your door) or your laptop is ripped off your table by a group of armed thugs, the data bus' magnetic connection will be severed. This event causes a configurable *trigger* to execute.\n
    \n
    The BusKill `trigger` can be anything from:\n
    \n
    1. locking your screen or\n
    2. shutting down the computer or\n
    3. initiating a [self-destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) sequence\n
    \n
    While our [last post](qubes-os) described how to setup such a system in QubesOS with BusKill, *this* post will describe how to add keyboard shortcuts to arm & disarm the dead man switch (eg so you can go to the bathroom).\n
    \n
    Disclaimer\n
    ==========\n
    \n
    This guide contains experimental files, commands, and software. The information contained in this article may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. We've done our best to carefully guide the user so they know the risks of each BusKill trigger, but we cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.\n
    \n
    The contents of this guide is provided openly and is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the [GNU GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.\n
    \n
    We highly recommend that any experiments with the scripts included in this article are used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.\n
    \n
    If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed with following this guide. You have been warned.\n
    \n
    Release Note\n
    ------------\n
    \n
    Also be aware that, due to the risks outlined above, BusKill will *not*be released with this "self-destruct" trigger.\n
    \n
    If you [purchase](/buy)a BusKill cable, it will only ship with non-destructive triggers that lock the screen or shutdown the computer. Advanced users can follow guides to add additional destructive triggers, such as the one described in this post, but they should do so at their own risk--taking carefully into consideration all of the warnings outlined above and throughout this article.\n
    \n
    **Again, if you [buy](/buy) a BusKill cable, the worst that can happen is your computer will abruptly shutdown.**\n
    \n
    Assumptions\n
    ===========\n
    \n
    This guide necessarily makes several assumptions outlined below.\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    In this guide, we assume that your QubesOS install has a [USB-Qube](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-qubes/) named '`sys-usb`' for handling [USB events](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-devices/) on behalf of `dom0`.\n
    \n
    If you decided to combine your USB and networking Qubes at [install time](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/installation-guide/#initial-setup), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' to '`sys-net`'.\n
    \n
    If you decided to run your '`sys-usb`' VM as a DispoableVM at [install time](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6684#issuecomment-1435381919), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' its Disposable TemplateVM (eg '`fedora-36-dvm`').\n
    \n
    …And if you chose not to isolate your USB devices, then [may god help you](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/05/31/usb-security-challenges.html).\n
    \n
    Udev Device Matching\n
    --------------------\n
    \n
    BusKill in Linux uses [udev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev) to detect when the USB's cable is severed. The exact udev rule that you use in the files below will depend on the drive you choose to use in your BusKill cable.\n
    \n
    In this guide, we identify our BusKill-specific drive with the '`ENV{ID_MODEL}==“Micromax_A74”`' [udev property](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#udev_rule_example). You should replace this property with one that matches your BusKill-specific drive.\n
    \n
    To determine how to query your USB drive for device-specific identifiers, see [Introducing BusKill: A Kill Cord for your Laptop](/buskill-laptop-kill-cord-dead-man-switch/#software). Note that the ``udevadm monitor --environment --udev`` command should be run in the '`sys-usb`' Qube.\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: If you'd prefer to buy a BusKill cable than make your own, you can buy one fully assembled [here](/buy).\n
    \n
    QubesOS Version\n
    ---------------\n
    \n
    This guide was written for QubesOS v4.1.\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release Qubes release 4.1.2 (R4.1)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    BusKill Files\n
    =============\n
    \n
    This section will describe what files should be created and where.\n
    \n
    Due to the design of QubesOS, it takes a bit of mental gymnastics to understand what we're doing and why. It's important to keep in mind that, in QubesOS\n
    \n
    1. The keyboard and UI are configured in '`dom0’`\n
    2. USB devices (like the BusKill device) are routed to the '`sys-usb`' VM\n
    3. dom0 has the privilege to execute scripts inside other VMs (eg '`sys-usb`')\n
    4. By design, VMs should *not* be able to send arbitrary commands to be executed in dom0\n
    5. .…but via the [qubes-rpc](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/#qubes-rpc-services), we *can* permit some VMs (eg '`sys-usb`') to execute a script in dom0 (though for security reasons, ideally such that no data/input is sent from the less-trusted VM to dom0 -- other than the name of the script)\n
    \n
    Due to the constraints listed above:\n
    \n
    1. We'll be configuring the disarm button as keyboard shortcut in dom0\n
    2. We'll be saving and executing the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script in '`sys-usb`' (because these scripts manipulate our udev rules)\n
    3. The keyboard shortcut in dom0 will *actually* be executing the above script in '`sys-usb`'\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you should already have a file in '`sys-usb`' at '`/rw/config/buskill.rules`'. You may even have modified it to trigger a [LUKS Self-Destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) on removal of your BusKill device.\n
    \n
    Because you're *now* experimenting with a new setup, let's go ahead and wipe out that old file with a new one that *just* executes a soft-shutdown. You might need some days to get used to the new disarm procedure, and you probably don't want to suddenly loose all your data due to an accidental false-positive!\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">mv /rw/config/buskill.rules /rw/config/buskill.rules.bak.`date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Add buskill rules. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2020-01-02\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.softShutdown"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Now, let's add a new udev '`.rules`' file. This one will always *just* lock your screen, and it's what will be put in-place when BusKill is "disarmed".\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Just lock the screen. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.lock"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The careful reader will see that we're not *actually* disarming BusKill in the same sense as our [BusKill GUI app](https://github.com/buskill/buskill-app/). Indeed, what we're *actually* going to do is swap these two files for 30 seconds.\n
    \n
    This way, if BusKill is armed and you remove the cable, your computer shuts-down.\n
    \n
    But if you want to disarm, the procedure becomes:\n
    \n
    1. Hit the "Disarm BusKill" keyboard shortcut (see below)\n
    2. Wait for the toast popup message indicating that BusKill is now disarmed\n
    3. Remove the cable within 30 seconds\n
    4. Your screen locks (instead of shutting down)\n
    \n
    Personally, I can't think of a QubesOS user that would want to leave their machine unlocked when they go to the bathroom, so I figured this approach would work better than an *actual* disarm.\n
    \n
    Bonus: when you return from your break, just plug-in the BusKill cable in, and it'll already be armed (reducing the risk of user error due to forgetting to arm BusKill).\n
    \n
    Now, let's add the actual '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script to disarm BusKill:\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">#!/bin/bash\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Temp disarm BusKill. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Tom \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Co-Auth: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'shutdown' trigger with the 'lock' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># let the user know that BusKill is now temporarily disarmed\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 21000 "BusKill" "Disarmed for 30 seconds" -i changes-allow\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># wait 30 seconds\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sleep 30\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'lock' trigger with the 'shutdown' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 5000 "BusKill" "BusKill is Armed" -i changes-prevent\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    dom0\n
    ----\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you shouldn't need to add any files to dom0. What you *do* need to do is setup some keyboard shortcuts.\n
    \n
    In the QubesOS GUI, click on the big `Q` "Start Menu" in the top-left of your XFCE panel to open the Applications menu. Navigate to '`System Tools`' and click Keyboard\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with an arrow pointing to the “Q” Application Menu in the very top-left of the screen](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu1.png)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Application Menu with “System Tools -> Keyboard” highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Q” to open the QubesOS Application Menu | Click System Tools -&gt; Keyboard |\n
    \n
    Click the '`Application Shortcuts`' Tab and then click the '`+ Add`' button on the bottom-left of the window.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “Application Shortcuts” tab highlighted’alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “+ Add” button highlightedalt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add1.jpg.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Application Shortcuts” tab to add a Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes | Click the “Add” Button to add a new Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes |\n
    \n
    In the '`Command`' input field, type the following\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">qvm-run sys-usb buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The above command will execute a command in '`dom0`' that will execute a command in '`sys-usb`' that will execute the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script that we created above.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the OK button highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After typing the command to be executed when the keyboard shortcut is pressed, click the "OK" button |\n
    \n
    Now click "OK" and, when prompted, type Ctrl+Shift+D (or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to bind to "Disarming BusKill").\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the prompt "Press now the keyboard keys you want to use to trigger the command…"alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add3.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the selected Shortcut "Shift+Ctrl+D"](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add4.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Type “Ctrl+Shift+D” or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to trigger BusKill to be disarmed for 30 seconds |  |\n
    \n
    You should now have a keyboard shortcut binding for disarming BusKill!\n
    \n
    [![Screenshot of QubesOS\n
    Keyboard Settings Window that shows the newly created keyboard shortcut\n
    for Shift+Ctrl+D at the top of the\n
    list](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-added1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/)\n
    \n
    Test It!\n
    ========\n
    \n
    At this point, you can test your new (temporary) BusKill Disarm functionality by:\n
    \n
    1. Plugging-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Typing Ctrl+Shift+D\n
    3. Waiting for the toast popup message to appear indicating that BusKill is disarmed for 30 seconds\n
    4. Unplugging your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your machine should lock, not shutdown.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill Disarmed for 30 Seconds](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-disarmed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After hitting the keyboard shortcut to disarm BusKill, you have 30 seconds to remove the cable |\n
    \n
    After 30 seconds, return to your computer and test the normal "arm" functionality:\n
    \n
    1. Plug-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Unlock your screen\n
    3. Unplug your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your computer should shutdown, not lock.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill is Armed](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-armed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | 30 seconds after hitting the keyboard shortcut, BusKill will arm itself |\n
    \n
    Troubleshooting\n
    ===============\n
    \n
    Is unplugging your USB device doing nothing? Having other issues?\n
    \n
    See the [Troubleshooting section](https://buskill.in/qubes-os/#troubleshooting) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Limitations/Improvements\n
    ========================\n
    \n
    Security is porous. All software has bugs. Nothing is 100% secure. For more limitations to using BusKill on QubesOS, see the [Limitations section](https://busill.in/qubes-os/#limitations) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Buy a BusKill Cable\n
    ===================\n
    \n
    We look forward to continuing to improve the BusKill software and making BusKill more accessible this year. If you want to help, [please consider purchasing a BusKill cable](https://buskill.in/buy) for yourself or a loved one. It helps us fund further development, and you get your own BusKill cable to keep you or your loved ones safe.\n
    \n
    You can also buy a BusKill cable with bitcoin, monero, and other altcoins from our [BusKill Store’s .onion site](http://buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).\n
    \n
    Stay safe,  \n
    The BusKill Team  \n
    [www.buskill.in](https://www.buskill.in/)  \n
    [buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tl…](http://www.buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion)
    """
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'due':725,1132,1270,1432,1764 'dvm':937 'eg':541,934,1198,1234 'en.wikipedia.org':965 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/udev)':964 'encrypt':227,394 'enemi':343 'env':1012,1494,1590 'environ':1065 'eof':1459,1503,1554,1599,1791,1908 'error':1763 'even':1359 'event':474,862 'exact':977 'exampl':29 'exclus':687 'execut':480,1193,1216,1239,1295,1319,1402,1439,1544,1781,2126,2133,2142,2171 'experi':677,1381 'experiment':553 'explain':404 'exploit':184 'fall':437 'fals':1437 'false-posit':1436 'familiar':76 'fde':393 'fedora':935 'feet':435 'field':2111 'figur':1727 'file':161,301,554,985,1120,1126,1350,1395,1463,1521,1558,1636,1796,1936 'follow':617,712,769,1332,1441,1546,1783,1916,2114 'forget':1766 'forward':2531 'freedom.press':192 'freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to':191 'full':225 'fulli':1096 'function':2316,2408 'fund':2569 'get':258,1413,2574 'github.com':311,918,1622 'github.com/buskill/buskill-app/).':1621 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'isol':944 'issu':2472 'journalist':176,326 'jump':432 'keep':194,1157,2580 'key':395,2217 'keyboard':7,532,1165,1285,1312,1670,1948,1981,2014,2031,2054,2071,2091,2103,2153,2174,2194,2206,2216,2233,2253,2271,2280,2288,2383,2456 'kill':21,63,93,1053 'know':594,1849 'laptop':20,62,92,132,223,242,387,428,453,1057 'last':509 'lead':568 'leav':705,1715 'left':1965,1999,2047 'less':1258 'less-trust':1257 'let':320,1386,1514,1771,1846 'liabil':666 'licens':630,640,648,656,671,1487,1583,1823 'like':1175 'limit':664,2503,2511 'limitations/improvements':2489 'line':344 'linux':961 'list':1274,2299 'liter':129,239 'll':1278,1291,1754 'ln':1505,1838,1887 'lock':356,489,759,1527,1566,1697,1832,1877,2355,2430 'look':2530 'loos':1428 'loss':609,698 'love':2564,2584 'luk':1366 'm':219,1453,1456 'machin':691,1717,2353 'magnet':418,468 'make':200,830,1089,2540 'man':539 'manipul':1306 'match':958,1030 'may':564,566,949,1358 'mental':1143 'menu':1960,1974,1993,2010,2027 'messag':1680,2336,2364,2437 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'privat':266 'privileg':1191 'probabl':1422 'procedur':1419,1663 'proceed':710 'prompt':2187,2212 'properti':1018,1026 'protect':363 'provid':626 'purchas':744,2553 'purpos':1469,1564,1801 'put':1536 'q':1958,1991,2021 'qube':185,319,512,851,879,1076,1113,1224,1447,1552,1789,2094,2106 'qubes-o':511 'qubes-rpc':1223 'qubeso':10,48,66,86,96,103,183,222,522,845,1100,1107,1137,1162,1342,1709,1926,1952,1984,2008,2025,2053,2070,2152,2205,2232,2279,2360,2433,2488,2508,2524 'queri':1040 'quick':379 'qvm':2116 'qvm-run':2115 'r4.1':1116 'ram':391,446 're':135,230,245,324,1149,1379,1607,1627 'read':70 'reader':1602 'reason':1247 'recommend':674 'recov':150,288 'reduc':1758 'refer':889,923 'regim':337 'releas':719,735,1114 'reload':1512,1845,1894 'remov':1372,1491,1587,1648,1688,2393 'replac':887,921,1024,1826,1875 'research':175,346 'respect':670 'respons':442,605 'result':615 'return':1740,2399 'right':332,2369,2442 'rip':455 'risk':596,728,792,1760 'rm':1835,1884 'rootf':159,299 'rout':1180 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    date: 2023-10-03 19:13:08.0 +02:00
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App\Entity\Entry {#238
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#158 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#198 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#233 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#200 …}
  +slug: "QubesOS-Disarm-BusKill-Dead-Man-Switch-with-Keyboard-Shortcut-Guide"
  +title: "[QubesOS] Disarm BusKill Dead Man Switch with Keyboard Shortcut (Guide)"
  +url: "https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/"
  +body: """
    This article describes how to setup keyboard shortcuts in QubesOS so that you can temporarily disarm (pause) the BusKill laptop kill cord.\n
    \n
    This allows the user to, for example, go to the bathroom without causing their computer to shutdown or self-destruct.\n
    \n
    [![Arm  Disarm BusKill in QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_featuredImage.jpg)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm)\n
    \n
    This is a guide that builds on part one: [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/). Before reading this, you should already be familiar with how to [setup udev rules for BusKill on QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-os/).\n
    \n
    1. [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/)\n
    2. Disarm BusKill in QubesOS (2/2)\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: This post is adapted from its original [article on Tom Hocker's blog](https://humandecoded.io/qubes-os-yubikey-buskill/).\n
    \n
    What is BusKill?\n
    ================\n
    \n
    > What if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? They'd also be able to recover data from previous DispVMs--as Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files are *not* securely shredded after your DispVM is destroyed.\n
    \n
    Are you a security researcher, journalist, or intelligence operative that works in QubesOS--exploiting Qubes' [brilliant security-through-compartimentalization](https://freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to keep your data safe? Do you make use of Whonix [Disposable VMs](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/disposablevm/) for your work? Great! This post is for you.\n
    \n
    I'm sure your QubesOS laptop has Full Disk Encryption and you're using a strong passphrase. But what if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? Not only will they get access to all of your AppVM's private data and the currently-running Whonix DispVM's data, but there's a high chance they'd be able to recover data from [previous DispVMs](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/DisposableVM#Warnings)--as **Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files ([volatile.img](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion)) are [*not* securely shredded](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/904) after your DispVM is destroyed** by Qubes!\n
    \n
    Let's say you're a journalist, activist, whistleblower, or a human rights worker in an oppressive regime. Or an intelligence operative behind enemy lines doing research or preparing a top-secret document behind a locked door. What do you do to protect your data, sources, or assets when the secret police suddenly batter down your door? How quickly can you *actually* act to shutdown your laptop and shred your RAM and/or FDE encryption keys?\n
    \n
    | [![BusKill Demo](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/02/busKillDemo.mp4)](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) |\n
    |---|\n
    | *Watch the [BusKill Explainer Video](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) for more info [youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4](https://www.youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4)* |\n
    \n
    BusKill utilizes a magnetic trip-wire that tethers your body to your laptop. If you suddenly jump to your feet or fall off your chair (in response to the battering ram crashing through your door) or your laptop is ripped off your table by a group of armed thugs, the data bus' magnetic connection will be severed. This event causes a configurable *trigger* to execute.\n
    \n
    The BusKill `trigger` can be anything from:\n
    \n
    1. locking your screen or\n
    2. shutting down the computer or\n
    3. initiating a [self-destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) sequence\n
    \n
    While our [last post](qubes-os) described how to setup such a system in QubesOS with BusKill, *this* post will describe how to add keyboard shortcuts to arm &amp; disarm the dead man switch (eg so you can go to the bathroom).\n
    \n
    Disclaimer\n
    ==========\n
    \n
    This guide contains experimental files, commands, and software. The information contained in this article may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. We've done our best to carefully guide the user so they know the risks of each BusKill trigger, but we cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.\n
    \n
    The contents of this guide is provided openly and is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the [GNU GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.\n
    \n
    We highly recommend that any experiments with the scripts included in this article are used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.\n
    \n
    If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed with following this guide. You have been warned.\n
    \n
    Release Note\n
    ------------\n
    \n
    Also be aware that, due to the risks outlined above, BusKill will *not*be released with this "self-destruct" trigger.\n
    \n
    If you [purchase](/buy)a BusKill cable, it will only ship with non-destructive triggers that lock the screen or shutdown the computer. Advanced users can follow guides to add additional destructive triggers, such as the one described in this post, but they should do so at their own risk--taking carefully into consideration all of the warnings outlined above and throughout this article.\n
    \n
    **Again, if you [buy](/buy) a BusKill cable, the worst that can happen is your computer will abruptly shutdown.**\n
    \n
    Assumptions\n
    ===========\n
    \n
    This guide necessarily makes several assumptions outlined below.\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    In this guide, we assume that your QubesOS install has a [USB-Qube](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-qubes/) named '`sys-usb`' for handling [USB events](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-devices/) on behalf of `dom0`.\n
    \n
    If you decided to combine your USB and networking Qubes at [install time](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/installation-guide/#initial-setup), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' to '`sys-net`'.\n
    \n
    If you decided to run your '`sys-usb`' VM as a DispoableVM at [install time](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6684#issuecomment-1435381919), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' its Disposable TemplateVM (eg '`fedora-36-dvm`').\n
    \n
    …And if you chose not to isolate your USB devices, then [may god help you](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/05/31/usb-security-challenges.html).\n
    \n
    Udev Device Matching\n
    --------------------\n
    \n
    BusKill in Linux uses [udev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev) to detect when the USB's cable is severed. The exact udev rule that you use in the files below will depend on the drive you choose to use in your BusKill cable.\n
    \n
    In this guide, we identify our BusKill-specific drive with the '`ENV{ID_MODEL}==“Micromax_A74”`' [udev property](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#udev_rule_example). You should replace this property with one that matches your BusKill-specific drive.\n
    \n
    To determine how to query your USB drive for device-specific identifiers, see [Introducing BusKill: A Kill Cord for your Laptop](/buskill-laptop-kill-cord-dead-man-switch/#software). Note that the ``udevadm monitor --environment --udev`` command should be run in the '`sys-usb`' Qube.\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: If you'd prefer to buy a BusKill cable than make your own, you can buy one fully assembled [here](/buy).\n
    \n
    QubesOS Version\n
    ---------------\n
    \n
    This guide was written for QubesOS v4.1.\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release Qubes release 4.1.2 (R4.1)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    BusKill Files\n
    =============\n
    \n
    This section will describe what files should be created and where.\n
    \n
    Due to the design of QubesOS, it takes a bit of mental gymnastics to understand what we're doing and why. It's important to keep in mind that, in QubesOS\n
    \n
    1. The keyboard and UI are configured in '`dom0’`\n
    2. USB devices (like the BusKill device) are routed to the '`sys-usb`' VM\n
    3. dom0 has the privilege to execute scripts inside other VMs (eg '`sys-usb`')\n
    4. By design, VMs should *not* be able to send arbitrary commands to be executed in dom0\n
    5. .…but via the [qubes-rpc](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/#qubes-rpc-services), we *can* permit some VMs (eg '`sys-usb`') to execute a script in dom0 (though for security reasons, ideally such that no data/input is sent from the less-trusted VM to dom0 -- other than the name of the script)\n
    \n
    Due to the constraints listed above:\n
    \n
    1. We'll be configuring the disarm button as keyboard shortcut in dom0\n
    2. We'll be saving and executing the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script in '`sys-usb`' (because these scripts manipulate our udev rules)\n
    3. The keyboard shortcut in dom0 will *actually* be executing the above script in '`sys-usb`'\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you should already have a file in '`sys-usb`' at '`/rw/config/buskill.rules`'. You may even have modified it to trigger a [LUKS Self-Destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) on removal of your BusKill device.\n
    \n
    Because you're *now* experimenting with a new setup, let's go ahead and wipe out that old file with a new one that *just* executes a soft-shutdown. You might need some days to get used to the new disarm procedure, and you probably don't want to suddenly loose all your data due to an accidental false-positive!\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">mv /rw/config/buskill.rules /rw/config/buskill.rules.bak.`date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Add buskill rules. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2020-01-02\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.softShutdown"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Now, let's add a new udev '`.rules`' file. This one will always *just* lock your screen, and it's what will be put in-place when BusKill is "disarmed".\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Just lock the screen. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.lock"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The careful reader will see that we're not *actually* disarming BusKill in the same sense as our [BusKill GUI app](https://github.com/buskill/buskill-app/). Indeed, what we're *actually* going to do is swap these two files for 30 seconds.\n
    \n
    This way, if BusKill is armed and you remove the cable, your computer shuts-down.\n
    \n
    But if you want to disarm, the procedure becomes:\n
    \n
    1. Hit the "Disarm BusKill" keyboard shortcut (see below)\n
    2. Wait for the toast popup message indicating that BusKill is now disarmed\n
    3. Remove the cable within 30 seconds\n
    4. Your screen locks (instead of shutting down)\n
    \n
    Personally, I can't think of a QubesOS user that would want to leave their machine unlocked when they go to the bathroom, so I figured this approach would work better than an *actual* disarm.\n
    \n
    Bonus: when you return from your break, just plug-in the BusKill cable in, and it'll already be armed (reducing the risk of user error due to forgetting to arm BusKill).\n
    \n
    Now, let's add the actual '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script to disarm BusKill:\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">#!/bin/bash\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Temp disarm BusKill. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Tom \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Co-Auth: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'shutdown' trigger with the 'lock' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># let the user know that BusKill is now temporarily disarmed\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 21000 "BusKill" "Disarmed for 30 seconds" -i changes-allow\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># wait 30 seconds\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sleep 30\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'lock' trigger with the 'shutdown' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 5000 "BusKill" "BusKill is Armed" -i changes-prevent\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    dom0\n
    ----\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you shouldn't need to add any files to dom0. What you *do* need to do is setup some keyboard shortcuts.\n
    \n
    In the QubesOS GUI, click on the big `Q` "Start Menu" in the top-left of your XFCE panel to open the Applications menu. Navigate to '`System Tools`' and click Keyboard\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with an arrow pointing to the “Q” Application Menu in the very top-left of the screen](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu1.png)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Application Menu with “System Tools -> Keyboard” highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Q” to open the QubesOS Application Menu | Click System Tools -&gt; Keyboard |\n
    \n
    Click the '`Application Shortcuts`' Tab and then click the '`+ Add`' button on the bottom-left of the window.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “Application Shortcuts” tab highlighted’alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “+ Add” button highlightedalt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add1.jpg.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Application Shortcuts” tab to add a Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes | Click the “Add” Button to add a new Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes |\n
    \n
    In the '`Command`' input field, type the following\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">qvm-run sys-usb buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The above command will execute a command in '`dom0`' that will execute a command in '`sys-usb`' that will execute the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script that we created above.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the OK button highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After typing the command to be executed when the keyboard shortcut is pressed, click the "OK" button |\n
    \n
    Now click "OK" and, when prompted, type Ctrl+Shift+D (or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to bind to "Disarming BusKill").\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the prompt "Press now the keyboard keys you want to use to trigger the command…"alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add3.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the selected Shortcut "Shift+Ctrl+D"](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add4.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Type “Ctrl+Shift+D” or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to trigger BusKill to be disarmed for 30 seconds |  |\n
    \n
    You should now have a keyboard shortcut binding for disarming BusKill!\n
    \n
    [![Screenshot of QubesOS\n
    Keyboard Settings Window that shows the newly created keyboard shortcut\n
    for Shift+Ctrl+D at the top of the\n
    list](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-added1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/)\n
    \n
    Test It!\n
    ========\n
    \n
    At this point, you can test your new (temporary) BusKill Disarm functionality by:\n
    \n
    1. Plugging-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Typing Ctrl+Shift+D\n
    3. Waiting for the toast popup message to appear indicating that BusKill is disarmed for 30 seconds\n
    4. Unplugging your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your machine should lock, not shutdown.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill Disarmed for 30 Seconds](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-disarmed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After hitting the keyboard shortcut to disarm BusKill, you have 30 seconds to remove the cable |\n
    \n
    After 30 seconds, return to your computer and test the normal "arm" functionality:\n
    \n
    1. Plug-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Unlock your screen\n
    3. Unplug your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your computer should shutdown, not lock.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill is Armed](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-armed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | 30 seconds after hitting the keyboard shortcut, BusKill will arm itself |\n
    \n
    Troubleshooting\n
    ===============\n
    \n
    Is unplugging your USB device doing nothing? Having other issues?\n
    \n
    See the [Troubleshooting section](https://buskill.in/qubes-os/#troubleshooting) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Limitations/Improvements\n
    ========================\n
    \n
    Security is porous. All software has bugs. Nothing is 100% secure. For more limitations to using BusKill on QubesOS, see the [Limitations section](https://busill.in/qubes-os/#limitations) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Buy a BusKill Cable\n
    ===================\n
    \n
    We look forward to continuing to improve the BusKill software and making BusKill more accessible this year. If you want to help, [please consider purchasing a BusKill cable](https://buskill.in/buy) for yourself or a loved one. It helps us fund further development, and you get your own BusKill cable to keep you or your loved ones safe.\n
    \n
    You can also buy a BusKill cable with bitcoin, monero, and other altcoins from our [BusKill Store’s .onion site](http://buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).\n
    \n
    Stay safe,  \n
    The BusKill Team  \n
    [www.buskill.in](https://www.buskill.in/)  \n
    [buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tl…](http://www.buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion)
    """
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'tool':1978,2013,2030 'top':351,1964,1998,2296,2368,2441 'top-left':1963,1997 'top-right':2367,2440 'top-secret':350 'total':572 'trigger':478,483,600,741,757,775,1364,1829,1833,1878,1882,2223,2258 'trip':420 'trip-wir':419 'troubleshoot':2462,2475 'trust':1259 'two':1635 'type':2112,2166,2188,2247,2326 'udev':81,956,963,978,1017,1066,1308,1519 'udevadm':1063,1510,1843,1892 'ui':1167 'understand':1146 'unlock':1718,2417 'unplug':2348,2421,2464 'us':2568 'usb':837,850,858,861,876,896,909,930,946,971,1042,1075,1173,1185,1201,1237,1302,1326,1329,1354,1446,1466,1493,1551,1561,1589,1788,1799,2120,2139,2466 'usb-qub':849 'use':201,231,686,962,982,995,1414,2221,2485,2505,2521 'user':26,591,767,1109,1117,1710,1762,1848 'util':416 'v4.1':1108 'valuabl':694 've':583 'version':1101 'via':1221 'video':405 'virtual':160,300 'vm':157,297,910,1186,1260 'vms':205,1197,1205,1233 'volatile.img':302 'wait':1675,1870,2331 'want':1425,1659,1713,2197,2219,2256,2548 'warn':718,800 'watch':401 'way':1641 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    date: 2023-10-03 19:13:08.0 +02:00
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App\Entity\Entry {#238
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#198 …}
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  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#200 …}
  +slug: "QubesOS-Disarm-BusKill-Dead-Man-Switch-with-Keyboard-Shortcut-Guide"
  +title: "[QubesOS] Disarm BusKill Dead Man Switch with Keyboard Shortcut (Guide)"
  +url: "https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/"
  +body: """
    This article describes how to setup keyboard shortcuts in QubesOS so that you can temporarily disarm (pause) the BusKill laptop kill cord.\n
    \n
    This allows the user to, for example, go to the bathroom without causing their computer to shutdown or self-destruct.\n
    \n
    [![Arm  Disarm BusKill in QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_featuredImage.jpg)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm)\n
    \n
    This is a guide that builds on part one: [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/). Before reading this, you should already be familiar with how to [setup udev rules for BusKill on QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-os/).\n
    \n
    1. [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/)\n
    2. Disarm BusKill in QubesOS (2/2)\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: This post is adapted from its original [article on Tom Hocker's blog](https://humandecoded.io/qubes-os-yubikey-buskill/).\n
    \n
    What is BusKill?\n
    ================\n
    \n
    > What if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? They'd also be able to recover data from previous DispVMs--as Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files are *not* securely shredded after your DispVM is destroyed.\n
    \n
    Are you a security researcher, journalist, or intelligence operative that works in QubesOS--exploiting Qubes' [brilliant security-through-compartimentalization](https://freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to keep your data safe? Do you make use of Whonix [Disposable VMs](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/disposablevm/) for your work? Great! This post is for you.\n
    \n
    I'm sure your QubesOS laptop has Full Disk Encryption and you're using a strong passphrase. But what if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? Not only will they get access to all of your AppVM's private data and the currently-running Whonix DispVM's data, but there's a high chance they'd be able to recover data from [previous DispVMs](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/DisposableVM#Warnings)--as **Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files ([volatile.img](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion)) are [*not* securely shredded](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/904) after your DispVM is destroyed** by Qubes!\n
    \n
    Let's say you're a journalist, activist, whistleblower, or a human rights worker in an oppressive regime. Or an intelligence operative behind enemy lines doing research or preparing a top-secret document behind a locked door. What do you do to protect your data, sources, or assets when the secret police suddenly batter down your door? How quickly can you *actually* act to shutdown your laptop and shred your RAM and/or FDE encryption keys?\n
    \n
    | [![BusKill Demo](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/02/busKillDemo.mp4)](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) |\n
    |---|\n
    | *Watch the [BusKill Explainer Video](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) for more info [youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4](https://www.youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4)* |\n
    \n
    BusKill utilizes a magnetic trip-wire that tethers your body to your laptop. If you suddenly jump to your feet or fall off your chair (in response to the battering ram crashing through your door) or your laptop is ripped off your table by a group of armed thugs, the data bus' magnetic connection will be severed. This event causes a configurable *trigger* to execute.\n
    \n
    The BusKill `trigger` can be anything from:\n
    \n
    1. locking your screen or\n
    2. shutting down the computer or\n
    3. initiating a [self-destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) sequence\n
    \n
    While our [last post](qubes-os) described how to setup such a system in QubesOS with BusKill, *this* post will describe how to add keyboard shortcuts to arm &amp; disarm the dead man switch (eg so you can go to the bathroom).\n
    \n
    Disclaimer\n
    ==========\n
    \n
    This guide contains experimental files, commands, and software. The information contained in this article may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. We've done our best to carefully guide the user so they know the risks of each BusKill trigger, but we cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.\n
    \n
    The contents of this guide is provided openly and is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the [GNU GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.\n
    \n
    We highly recommend that any experiments with the scripts included in this article are used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.\n
    \n
    If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed with following this guide. You have been warned.\n
    \n
    Release Note\n
    ------------\n
    \n
    Also be aware that, due to the risks outlined above, BusKill will *not*be released with this "self-destruct" trigger.\n
    \n
    If you [purchase](/buy)a BusKill cable, it will only ship with non-destructive triggers that lock the screen or shutdown the computer. Advanced users can follow guides to add additional destructive triggers, such as the one described in this post, but they should do so at their own risk--taking carefully into consideration all of the warnings outlined above and throughout this article.\n
    \n
    **Again, if you [buy](/buy) a BusKill cable, the worst that can happen is your computer will abruptly shutdown.**\n
    \n
    Assumptions\n
    ===========\n
    \n
    This guide necessarily makes several assumptions outlined below.\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    In this guide, we assume that your QubesOS install has a [USB-Qube](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-qubes/) named '`sys-usb`' for handling [USB events](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-devices/) on behalf of `dom0`.\n
    \n
    If you decided to combine your USB and networking Qubes at [install time](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/installation-guide/#initial-setup), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' to '`sys-net`'.\n
    \n
    If you decided to run your '`sys-usb`' VM as a DispoableVM at [install time](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6684#issuecomment-1435381919), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' its Disposable TemplateVM (eg '`fedora-36-dvm`').\n
    \n
    …And if you chose not to isolate your USB devices, then [may god help you](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/05/31/usb-security-challenges.html).\n
    \n
    Udev Device Matching\n
    --------------------\n
    \n
    BusKill in Linux uses [udev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev) to detect when the USB's cable is severed. The exact udev rule that you use in the files below will depend on the drive you choose to use in your BusKill cable.\n
    \n
    In this guide, we identify our BusKill-specific drive with the '`ENV{ID_MODEL}==“Micromax_A74”`' [udev property](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#udev_rule_example). You should replace this property with one that matches your BusKill-specific drive.\n
    \n
    To determine how to query your USB drive for device-specific identifiers, see [Introducing BusKill: A Kill Cord for your Laptop](/buskill-laptop-kill-cord-dead-man-switch/#software). Note that the ``udevadm monitor --environment --udev`` command should be run in the '`sys-usb`' Qube.\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: If you'd prefer to buy a BusKill cable than make your own, you can buy one fully assembled [here](/buy).\n
    \n
    QubesOS Version\n
    ---------------\n
    \n
    This guide was written for QubesOS v4.1.\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release Qubes release 4.1.2 (R4.1)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    BusKill Files\n
    =============\n
    \n
    This section will describe what files should be created and where.\n
    \n
    Due to the design of QubesOS, it takes a bit of mental gymnastics to understand what we're doing and why. It's important to keep in mind that, in QubesOS\n
    \n
    1. The keyboard and UI are configured in '`dom0’`\n
    2. USB devices (like the BusKill device) are routed to the '`sys-usb`' VM\n
    3. dom0 has the privilege to execute scripts inside other VMs (eg '`sys-usb`')\n
    4. By design, VMs should *not* be able to send arbitrary commands to be executed in dom0\n
    5. .…but via the [qubes-rpc](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/#qubes-rpc-services), we *can* permit some VMs (eg '`sys-usb`') to execute a script in dom0 (though for security reasons, ideally such that no data/input is sent from the less-trusted VM to dom0 -- other than the name of the script)\n
    \n
    Due to the constraints listed above:\n
    \n
    1. We'll be configuring the disarm button as keyboard shortcut in dom0\n
    2. We'll be saving and executing the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script in '`sys-usb`' (because these scripts manipulate our udev rules)\n
    3. The keyboard shortcut in dom0 will *actually* be executing the above script in '`sys-usb`'\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you should already have a file in '`sys-usb`' at '`/rw/config/buskill.rules`'. You may even have modified it to trigger a [LUKS Self-Destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) on removal of your BusKill device.\n
    \n
    Because you're *now* experimenting with a new setup, let's go ahead and wipe out that old file with a new one that *just* executes a soft-shutdown. You might need some days to get used to the new disarm procedure, and you probably don't want to suddenly loose all your data due to an accidental false-positive!\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">mv /rw/config/buskill.rules /rw/config/buskill.rules.bak.`date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Add buskill rules. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2020-01-02\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.softShutdown"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Now, let's add a new udev '`.rules`' file. This one will always *just* lock your screen, and it's what will be put in-place when BusKill is "disarmed".\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Just lock the screen. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.lock"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The careful reader will see that we're not *actually* disarming BusKill in the same sense as our [BusKill GUI app](https://github.com/buskill/buskill-app/). Indeed, what we're *actually* going to do is swap these two files for 30 seconds.\n
    \n
    This way, if BusKill is armed and you remove the cable, your computer shuts-down.\n
    \n
    But if you want to disarm, the procedure becomes:\n
    \n
    1. Hit the "Disarm BusKill" keyboard shortcut (see below)\n
    2. Wait for the toast popup message indicating that BusKill is now disarmed\n
    3. Remove the cable within 30 seconds\n
    4. Your screen locks (instead of shutting down)\n
    \n
    Personally, I can't think of a QubesOS user that would want to leave their machine unlocked when they go to the bathroom, so I figured this approach would work better than an *actual* disarm.\n
    \n
    Bonus: when you return from your break, just plug-in the BusKill cable in, and it'll already be armed (reducing the risk of user error due to forgetting to arm BusKill).\n
    \n
    Now, let's add the actual '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script to disarm BusKill:\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">#!/bin/bash\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Temp disarm BusKill. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Tom \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Co-Auth: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'shutdown' trigger with the 'lock' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># let the user know that BusKill is now temporarily disarmed\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 21000 "BusKill" "Disarmed for 30 seconds" -i changes-allow\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># wait 30 seconds\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sleep 30\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'lock' trigger with the 'shutdown' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 5000 "BusKill" "BusKill is Armed" -i changes-prevent\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    dom0\n
    ----\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you shouldn't need to add any files to dom0. What you *do* need to do is setup some keyboard shortcuts.\n
    \n
    In the QubesOS GUI, click on the big `Q` "Start Menu" in the top-left of your XFCE panel to open the Applications menu. Navigate to '`System Tools`' and click Keyboard\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with an arrow pointing to the “Q” Application Menu in the very top-left of the screen](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu1.png)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Application Menu with “System Tools -> Keyboard” highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Q” to open the QubesOS Application Menu | Click System Tools -&gt; Keyboard |\n
    \n
    Click the '`Application Shortcuts`' Tab and then click the '`+ Add`' button on the bottom-left of the window.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “Application Shortcuts” tab highlighted’alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “+ Add” button highlightedalt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add1.jpg.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Application Shortcuts” tab to add a Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes | Click the “Add” Button to add a new Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes |\n
    \n
    In the '`Command`' input field, type the following\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">qvm-run sys-usb buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The above command will execute a command in '`dom0`' that will execute a command in '`sys-usb`' that will execute the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script that we created above.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the OK button highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After typing the command to be executed when the keyboard shortcut is pressed, click the "OK" button |\n
    \n
    Now click "OK" and, when prompted, type Ctrl+Shift+D (or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to bind to "Disarming BusKill").\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the prompt "Press now the keyboard keys you want to use to trigger the command…"alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add3.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the selected Shortcut "Shift+Ctrl+D"](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add4.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Type “Ctrl+Shift+D” or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to trigger BusKill to be disarmed for 30 seconds |  |\n
    \n
    You should now have a keyboard shortcut binding for disarming BusKill!\n
    \n
    [![Screenshot of QubesOS\n
    Keyboard Settings Window that shows the newly created keyboard shortcut\n
    for Shift+Ctrl+D at the top of the\n
    list](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-added1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/)\n
    \n
    Test It!\n
    ========\n
    \n
    At this point, you can test your new (temporary) BusKill Disarm functionality by:\n
    \n
    1. Plugging-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Typing Ctrl+Shift+D\n
    3. Waiting for the toast popup message to appear indicating that BusKill is disarmed for 30 seconds\n
    4. Unplugging your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your machine should lock, not shutdown.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill Disarmed for 30 Seconds](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-disarmed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After hitting the keyboard shortcut to disarm BusKill, you have 30 seconds to remove the cable |\n
    \n
    After 30 seconds, return to your computer and test the normal "arm" functionality:\n
    \n
    1. Plug-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Unlock your screen\n
    3. Unplug your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your computer should shutdown, not lock.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill is Armed](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-armed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | 30 seconds after hitting the keyboard shortcut, BusKill will arm itself |\n
    \n
    Troubleshooting\n
    ===============\n
    \n
    Is unplugging your USB device doing nothing? Having other issues?\n
    \n
    See the [Troubleshooting section](https://buskill.in/qubes-os/#troubleshooting) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Limitations/Improvements\n
    ========================\n
    \n
    Security is porous. All software has bugs. Nothing is 100% secure. For more limitations to using BusKill on QubesOS, see the [Limitations section](https://busill.in/qubes-os/#limitations) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Buy a BusKill Cable\n
    ===================\n
    \n
    We look forward to continuing to improve the BusKill software and making BusKill more accessible this year. If you want to help, [please consider purchasing a BusKill cable](https://buskill.in/buy) for yourself or a loved one. It helps us fund further development, and you get your own BusKill cable to keep you or your loved ones safe.\n
    \n
    You can also buy a BusKill cable with bitcoin, monero, and other altcoins from our [BusKill Store’s .onion site](http://buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).\n
    \n
    Stay safe,  \n
    The BusKill Team  \n
    [www.buskill.in](https://www.buskill.in/)  \n
    [buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tl…](http://www.buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion)
    """
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  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1696362188
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://monero.town/post/703020"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1696353188 {#247
    date: 2023-10-03 19:13:08.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
5 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
6 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1950
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#158 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1928 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#233 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#200 …}
  +slug: "QubesOS-Disarm-Shortcut-for-BusKill-Hardware-Dead-Man-Switch"
  +title: "[QubesOS] Disarm Shortcut for BusKill Hardware Dead Man Switch"
  +url: "https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/"
  +body: """
    This article describes how to setup keyboard shortcuts in QubesOS so that you can temporarily disarm (pause) the BusKill laptop kill cord.\n
    \n
    This allows the user to, for example, go to the bathroom without causing their computer to shutdown or self-destruct.\n
    \n
    [![Arm  Disarm BusKill in QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_featuredImage.jpg)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm)\n
    \n
    This is a guide that builds on part one: [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/). Before reading this, you should already be familiar with how to [setup udev rules for BusKill on QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-os/).\n
    \n
    1. [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/)\n
    2. Disarm BusKill in QubesOS (2/2)\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: This post is adapted from its original [article on Tom Hocker's blog](https://humandecoded.io/qubes-os-yubikey-buskill/).\n
    \n
    What is BusKill?\n
    ================\n
    \n
    > What if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? They'd also be able to recover data from previous DispVMs--as Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files are *not* securely shredded after your DispVM is destroyed.\n
    \n
    Are you a security researcher, journalist, or intelligence operative that works in QubesOS--exploiting Qubes' [brilliant security-through-compartimentalization](https://freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to keep your data safe? Do you make use of Whonix [Disposable VMs](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/disposablevm/) for your work? Great! This post is for you.\n
    \n
    I'm sure your QubesOS laptop has Full Disk Encryption and you're using a strong passphrase. But what if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? Not only will they get access to all of your AppVM's private data and the currently-running Whonix DispVM's data, but there's a high chance they'd be able to recover data from [previous DispVMs](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/DisposableVM#Warnings)--as **Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files ([volatile.img](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion)) are [*not* securely shredded](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/904) after your DispVM is destroyed** by Qubes!\n
    \n
    Let's say you're a journalist, activist, whistleblower, or a human rights worker in an oppressive regime. Or an intelligence operative behind enemy lines doing research or preparing a top-secret document behind a locked door. What do you do to protect your data, sources, or assets when the secret police suddenly batter down your door? How quickly can you *actually* act to shutdown your laptop and shred your RAM and/or FDE encryption keys?\n
    \n
    | [![BusKill Demo](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/02/busKillDemo.mp4)](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) |\n
    |---|\n
    | *Watch the [BusKill Explainer Video](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) for more info [youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4](https://www.youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4)* |\n
    \n
    BusKill utilizes a magnetic trip-wire that tethers your body to your laptop. If you suddenly jump to your feet or fall off your chair (in response to the battering ram crashing through your door) or your laptop is ripped off your table by a group of armed thugs, the data bus' magnetic connection will be severed. This event causes a configurable *trigger* to execute.\n
    \n
    The BusKill `trigger` can be anything from:\n
    \n
    1. locking your screen or\n
    2. shutting down the computer or\n
    3. initiating a [self-destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) sequence\n
    \n
    While our [last post](qubes-os) described how to setup such a system in QubesOS with BusKill, *this* post will describe how to add keyboard shortcuts to arm &amp; disarm the dead man switch (eg so you can go to the bathroom).\n
    \n
    Disclaimer\n
    ==========\n
    \n
    This guide contains experimental files, commands, and software. The information contained in this article may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. We've done our best to carefully guide the user so they know the risks of each BusKill trigger, but we cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.\n
    \n
    The contents of this guide is provided openly and is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the [GNU GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.\n
    \n
    We highly recommend that any experiments with the scripts included in this article are used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.\n
    \n
    If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed with following this guide. You have been warned.\n
    \n
    Release Note\n
    ------------\n
    \n
    Also be aware that, due to the risks outlined above, BusKill will *not*be released with this "self-destruct" trigger.\n
    \n
    If you [purchase](/buy)a BusKill cable, it will only ship with non-destructive triggers that lock the screen or shutdown the computer. Advanced users can follow guides to add additional destructive triggers, such as the one described in this post, but they should do so at their own risk--taking carefully into consideration all of the warnings outlined above and throughout this article.\n
    \n
    **Again, if you [buy](/buy) a BusKill cable, the worst that can happen is your computer will abruptly shutdown.**\n
    \n
    Assumptions\n
    ===========\n
    \n
    This guide necessarily makes several assumptions outlined below.\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    In this guide, we assume that your QubesOS install has a [USB-Qube](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-qubes/) named '`sys-usb`' for handling [USB events](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-devices/) on behalf of `dom0`.\n
    \n
    If you decided to combine your USB and networking Qubes at [install time](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/installation-guide/#initial-setup), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' to '`sys-net`'.\n
    \n
    If you decided to run your '`sys-usb`' VM as a DispoableVM at [install time](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6684#issuecomment-1435381919), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' its Disposable TemplateVM (eg '`fedora-36-dvm`').\n
    \n
    …And if you chose not to isolate your USB devices, then [may god help you](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/05/31/usb-security-challenges.html).\n
    \n
    Udev Device Matching\n
    --------------------\n
    \n
    BusKill in Linux uses [udev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev) to detect when the USB's cable is severed. The exact udev rule that you use in the files below will depend on the drive you choose to use in your BusKill cable.\n
    \n
    In this guide, we identify our BusKill-specific drive with the '`ENV{ID_MODEL}==“Micromax_A74”`' [udev property](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#udev_rule_example). You should replace this property with one that matches your BusKill-specific drive.\n
    \n
    To determine how to query your USB drive for device-specific identifiers, see [Introducing BusKill: A Kill Cord for your Laptop](/buskill-laptop-kill-cord-dead-man-switch/#software). Note that the ``udevadm monitor --environment --udev`` command should be run in the '`sys-usb`' Qube.\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: If you'd prefer to buy a BusKill cable than make your own, you can buy one fully assembled [here](/buy).\n
    \n
    QubesOS Version\n
    ---------------\n
    \n
    This guide was written for QubesOS v4.1.\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release Qubes release 4.1.2 (R4.1)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    BusKill Files\n
    =============\n
    \n
    This section will describe what files should be created and where.\n
    \n
    Due to the design of QubesOS, it takes a bit of mental gymnastics to understand what we're doing and why. It's important to keep in mind that, in QubesOS\n
    \n
    1. The keyboard and UI are configured in '`dom0’`\n
    2. USB devices (like the BusKill device) are routed to the '`sys-usb`' VM\n
    3. dom0 has the privilege to execute scripts inside other VMs (eg '`sys-usb`')\n
    4. By design, VMs should *not* be able to send arbitrary commands to be executed in dom0\n
    5. .…but via the [qubes-rpc](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/#qubes-rpc-services), we *can* permit some VMs (eg '`sys-usb`') to execute a script in dom0 (though for security reasons, ideally such that no data/input is sent from the less-trusted VM to dom0 -- other than the name of the script)\n
    \n
    Due to the constraints listed above:\n
    \n
    1. We'll be configuring the disarm button as keyboard shortcut in dom0\n
    2. We'll be saving and executing the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script in '`sys-usb`' (because these scripts manipulate our udev rules)\n
    3. The keyboard shortcut in dom0 will *actually* be executing the above script in '`sys-usb`'\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you should already have a file in '`sys-usb`' at '`/rw/config/buskill.rules`'. You may even have modified it to trigger a [LUKS Self-Destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) on removal of your BusKill device.\n
    \n
    Because you're *now* experimenting with a new setup, let's go ahead and wipe out that old file with a new one that *just* executes a soft-shutdown. You might need some days to get used to the new disarm procedure, and you probably don't want to suddenly loose all your data due to an accidental false-positive!\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">mv /rw/config/buskill.rules /rw/config/buskill.rules.bak.`date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Add buskill rules. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2020-01-02\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.softShutdown"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Now, let's add a new udev '`.rules`' file. This one will always *just* lock your screen, and it's what will be put in-place when BusKill is "disarmed".\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Just lock the screen. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.lock"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The careful reader will see that we're not *actually* disarming BusKill in the same sense as our [BusKill GUI app](https://github.com/buskill/buskill-app/). Indeed, what we're *actually* going to do is swap these two files for 30 seconds.\n
    \n
    This way, if BusKill is armed and you remove the cable, your computer shuts-down.\n
    \n
    But if you want to disarm, the procedure becomes:\n
    \n
    1. Hit the "Disarm BusKill" keyboard shortcut (see below)\n
    2. Wait for the toast popup message indicating that BusKill is now disarmed\n
    3. Remove the cable within 30 seconds\n
    4. Your screen locks (instead of shutting down)\n
    \n
    Personally, I can't think of a QubesOS user that would want to leave their machine unlocked when they go to the bathroom, so I figured this approach would work better than an *actual* disarm.\n
    \n
    Bonus: when you return from your break, just plug-in the BusKill cable in, and it'll already be armed (reducing the risk of user error due to forgetting to arm BusKill).\n
    \n
    Now, let's add the actual '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script to disarm BusKill:\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">#!/bin/bash\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Temp disarm BusKill. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Tom \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Co-Auth: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'shutdown' trigger with the 'lock' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># let the user know that BusKill is now temporarily disarmed\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 21000 "BusKill" "Disarmed for 30 seconds" -i changes-allow\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># wait 30 seconds\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sleep 30\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'lock' trigger with the 'shutdown' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 5000 "BusKill" "BusKill is Armed" -i changes-prevent\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    dom0\n
    ----\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you shouldn't need to add any files to dom0. What you *do* need to do is setup some keyboard shortcuts.\n
    \n
    In the QubesOS GUI, click on the big `Q` "Start Menu" in the top-left of your XFCE panel to open the Applications menu. Navigate to '`System Tools`' and click Keyboard\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with an arrow pointing to the “Q” Application Menu in the very top-left of the screen](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu1.png)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Application Menu with “System Tools -> Keyboard” highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Q” to open the QubesOS Application Menu | Click System Tools -&gt; Keyboard |\n
    \n
    Click the '`Application Shortcuts`' Tab and then click the '`+ Add`' button on the bottom-left of the window.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “Application Shortcuts” tab highlighted’alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “+ Add” button highlightedalt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add1.jpg.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Application Shortcuts” tab to add a Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes | Click the “Add” Button to add a new Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes |\n
    \n
    In the '`Command`' input field, type the following\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">qvm-run sys-usb buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The above command will execute a command in '`dom0`' that will execute a command in '`sys-usb`' that will execute the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script that we created above.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the OK button highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After typing the command to be executed when the keyboard shortcut is pressed, click the "OK" button |\n
    \n
    Now click "OK" and, when prompted, type Ctrl+Shift+D (or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to bind to "Disarming BusKill").\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the prompt "Press now the keyboard keys you want to use to trigger the command…"alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add3.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the selected Shortcut "Shift+Ctrl+D"](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add4.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Type “Ctrl+Shift+D” or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to trigger BusKill to be disarmed for 30 seconds |  |\n
    \n
    You should now have a keyboard shortcut binding for disarming BusKill!\n
    \n
    [![Screenshot of QubesOS\n
    Keyboard Settings Window that shows the newly created keyboard shortcut\n
    for Shift+Ctrl+D at the top of the\n
    list](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-added1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/)\n
    \n
    Test It!\n
    ========\n
    \n
    At this point, you can test your new (temporary) BusKill Disarm functionality by:\n
    \n
    1. Plugging-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Typing Ctrl+Shift+D\n
    3. Waiting for the toast popup message to appear indicating that BusKill is disarmed for 30 seconds\n
    4. Unplugging your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your machine should lock, not shutdown.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill Disarmed for 30 Seconds](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-disarmed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After hitting the keyboard shortcut to disarm BusKill, you have 30 seconds to remove the cable |\n
    \n
    After 30 seconds, return to your computer and test the normal "arm" functionality:\n
    \n
    1. Plug-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Unlock your screen\n
    3. Unplug your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your computer should shutdown, not lock.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill is Armed](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-armed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | 30 seconds after hitting the keyboard shortcut, BusKill will arm itself |\n
    \n
    Troubleshooting\n
    ===============\n
    \n
    Is unplugging your USB device doing nothing? Having other issues?\n
    \n
    See the [Troubleshooting section](https://buskill.in/qubes-os/#troubleshooting) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Limitations/Improvements\n
    ========================\n
    \n
    Security is porous. All software has bugs. Nothing is 100% secure. For more limitations to using BusKill on QubesOS, see the [Limitations section](https://busill.in/qubes-os/#limitations) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Buy a BusKill Cable\n
    ===================\n
    \n
    We look forward to continuing to improve the BusKill software and making BusKill more accessible this year. If you want to help, [please consider purchasing a BusKill cable](https://buskill.in/buy) for yourself or a loved one. It helps us fund further development, and you get your own BusKill cable to keep you or your loved ones safe.\n
    \n
    You can also buy a BusKill cable with bitcoin, monero, and other altcoins from our [BusKill Store’s .onion site](http://buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).\n
    \n
    Stay safe,  \n
    The BusKill Team  \n
    [www.buskill.in](https://www.buskill.in/)  \n
    [buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tl…](http://www.buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion)
    """
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'due':725,1132,1270,1432,1764 'dvm':937 'eg':541,934,1198,1234 'en.wikipedia.org':965 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/udev)':964 'encrypt':227,394 'enemi':343 'env':1012,1494,1590 'environ':1065 'eof':1459,1503,1554,1599,1791,1908 'error':1763 'even':1359 'event':474,862 'exact':977 'exampl':29 'exclus':687 'execut':480,1193,1216,1239,1295,1319,1402,1439,1544,1781,2126,2133,2142,2171 'experi':677,1381 'experiment':553 'explain':404 'exploit':184 'fall':437 'fals':1437 'false-posit':1436 'familiar':76 'fde':393 'fedora':935 'feet':435 'field':2111 'figur':1727 'file':161,301,554,985,1120,1126,1350,1395,1463,1521,1558,1636,1796,1936 'follow':617,712,769,1332,1441,1546,1783,1916,2114 'forget':1766 'forward':2531 'freedom.press':192 'freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to':191 'full':225 'fulli':1096 'function':2316,2408 'fund':2569 'get':258,1413,2574 'github.com':311,918,1622 'github.com/buskill/buskill-app/).':1621 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  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
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  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://monero.town/post/702806"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1696350352 {#1924
    date: 2023-10-03 18:25:52.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
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"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
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7 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1950
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#158 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1928 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#233 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#200 …}
  +slug: "QubesOS-Disarm-Shortcut-for-BusKill-Hardware-Dead-Man-Switch"
  +title: "[QubesOS] Disarm Shortcut for BusKill Hardware Dead Man Switch"
  +url: "https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/"
  +body: """
    This article describes how to setup keyboard shortcuts in QubesOS so that you can temporarily disarm (pause) the BusKill laptop kill cord.\n
    \n
    This allows the user to, for example, go to the bathroom without causing their computer to shutdown or self-destruct.\n
    \n
    [![Arm  Disarm BusKill in QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_featuredImage.jpg)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm)\n
    \n
    This is a guide that builds on part one: [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/). Before reading this, you should already be familiar with how to [setup udev rules for BusKill on QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-os/).\n
    \n
    1. [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/)\n
    2. Disarm BusKill in QubesOS (2/2)\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: This post is adapted from its original [article on Tom Hocker's blog](https://humandecoded.io/qubes-os-yubikey-buskill/).\n
    \n
    What is BusKill?\n
    ================\n
    \n
    > What if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? They'd also be able to recover data from previous DispVMs--as Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files are *not* securely shredded after your DispVM is destroyed.\n
    \n
    Are you a security researcher, journalist, or intelligence operative that works in QubesOS--exploiting Qubes' [brilliant security-through-compartimentalization](https://freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to keep your data safe? Do you make use of Whonix [Disposable VMs](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/disposablevm/) for your work? Great! This post is for you.\n
    \n
    I'm sure your QubesOS laptop has Full Disk Encryption and you're using a strong passphrase. But what if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? Not only will they get access to all of your AppVM's private data and the currently-running Whonix DispVM's data, but there's a high chance they'd be able to recover data from [previous DispVMs](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/DisposableVM#Warnings)--as **Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files ([volatile.img](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion)) are [*not* securely shredded](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/904) after your DispVM is destroyed** by Qubes!\n
    \n
    Let's say you're a journalist, activist, whistleblower, or a human rights worker in an oppressive regime. Or an intelligence operative behind enemy lines doing research or preparing a top-secret document behind a locked door. What do you do to protect your data, sources, or assets when the secret police suddenly batter down your door? How quickly can you *actually* act to shutdown your laptop and shred your RAM and/or FDE encryption keys?\n
    \n
    | [![BusKill Demo](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/02/busKillDemo.mp4)](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) |\n
    |---|\n
    | *Watch the [BusKill Explainer Video](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) for more info [youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4](https://www.youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4)* |\n
    \n
    BusKill utilizes a magnetic trip-wire that tethers your body to your laptop. If you suddenly jump to your feet or fall off your chair (in response to the battering ram crashing through your door) or your laptop is ripped off your table by a group of armed thugs, the data bus' magnetic connection will be severed. This event causes a configurable *trigger* to execute.\n
    \n
    The BusKill `trigger` can be anything from:\n
    \n
    1. locking your screen or\n
    2. shutting down the computer or\n
    3. initiating a [self-destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) sequence\n
    \n
    While our [last post](qubes-os) described how to setup such a system in QubesOS with BusKill, *this* post will describe how to add keyboard shortcuts to arm &amp; disarm the dead man switch (eg so you can go to the bathroom).\n
    \n
    Disclaimer\n
    ==========\n
    \n
    This guide contains experimental files, commands, and software. The information contained in this article may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. We've done our best to carefully guide the user so they know the risks of each BusKill trigger, but we cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.\n
    \n
    The contents of this guide is provided openly and is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the [GNU GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.\n
    \n
    We highly recommend that any experiments with the scripts included in this article are used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.\n
    \n
    If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed with following this guide. You have been warned.\n
    \n
    Release Note\n
    ------------\n
    \n
    Also be aware that, due to the risks outlined above, BusKill will *not*be released with this "self-destruct" trigger.\n
    \n
    If you [purchase](/buy)a BusKill cable, it will only ship with non-destructive triggers that lock the screen or shutdown the computer. Advanced users can follow guides to add additional destructive triggers, such as the one described in this post, but they should do so at their own risk--taking carefully into consideration all of the warnings outlined above and throughout this article.\n
    \n
    **Again, if you [buy](/buy) a BusKill cable, the worst that can happen is your computer will abruptly shutdown.**\n
    \n
    Assumptions\n
    ===========\n
    \n
    This guide necessarily makes several assumptions outlined below.\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    In this guide, we assume that your QubesOS install has a [USB-Qube](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-qubes/) named '`sys-usb`' for handling [USB events](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-devices/) on behalf of `dom0`.\n
    \n
    If you decided to combine your USB and networking Qubes at [install time](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/installation-guide/#initial-setup), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' to '`sys-net`'.\n
    \n
    If you decided to run your '`sys-usb`' VM as a DispoableVM at [install time](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6684#issuecomment-1435381919), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' its Disposable TemplateVM (eg '`fedora-36-dvm`').\n
    \n
    …And if you chose not to isolate your USB devices, then [may god help you](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/05/31/usb-security-challenges.html).\n
    \n
    Udev Device Matching\n
    --------------------\n
    \n
    BusKill in Linux uses [udev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev) to detect when the USB's cable is severed. The exact udev rule that you use in the files below will depend on the drive you choose to use in your BusKill cable.\n
    \n
    In this guide, we identify our BusKill-specific drive with the '`ENV{ID_MODEL}==“Micromax_A74”`' [udev property](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#udev_rule_example). You should replace this property with one that matches your BusKill-specific drive.\n
    \n
    To determine how to query your USB drive for device-specific identifiers, see [Introducing BusKill: A Kill Cord for your Laptop](/buskill-laptop-kill-cord-dead-man-switch/#software). Note that the ``udevadm monitor --environment --udev`` command should be run in the '`sys-usb`' Qube.\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: If you'd prefer to buy a BusKill cable than make your own, you can buy one fully assembled [here](/buy).\n
    \n
    QubesOS Version\n
    ---------------\n
    \n
    This guide was written for QubesOS v4.1.\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release Qubes release 4.1.2 (R4.1)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    BusKill Files\n
    =============\n
    \n
    This section will describe what files should be created and where.\n
    \n
    Due to the design of QubesOS, it takes a bit of mental gymnastics to understand what we're doing and why. It's important to keep in mind that, in QubesOS\n
    \n
    1. The keyboard and UI are configured in '`dom0’`\n
    2. USB devices (like the BusKill device) are routed to the '`sys-usb`' VM\n
    3. dom0 has the privilege to execute scripts inside other VMs (eg '`sys-usb`')\n
    4. By design, VMs should *not* be able to send arbitrary commands to be executed in dom0\n
    5. .…but via the [qubes-rpc](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/#qubes-rpc-services), we *can* permit some VMs (eg '`sys-usb`') to execute a script in dom0 (though for security reasons, ideally such that no data/input is sent from the less-trusted VM to dom0 -- other than the name of the script)\n
    \n
    Due to the constraints listed above:\n
    \n
    1. We'll be configuring the disarm button as keyboard shortcut in dom0\n
    2. We'll be saving and executing the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script in '`sys-usb`' (because these scripts manipulate our udev rules)\n
    3. The keyboard shortcut in dom0 will *actually* be executing the above script in '`sys-usb`'\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you should already have a file in '`sys-usb`' at '`/rw/config/buskill.rules`'. You may even have modified it to trigger a [LUKS Self-Destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) on removal of your BusKill device.\n
    \n
    Because you're *now* experimenting with a new setup, let's go ahead and wipe out that old file with a new one that *just* executes a soft-shutdown. You might need some days to get used to the new disarm procedure, and you probably don't want to suddenly loose all your data due to an accidental false-positive!\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">mv /rw/config/buskill.rules /rw/config/buskill.rules.bak.`date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Add buskill rules. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2020-01-02\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.softShutdown"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Now, let's add a new udev '`.rules`' file. This one will always *just* lock your screen, and it's what will be put in-place when BusKill is "disarmed".\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Just lock the screen. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.lock"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The careful reader will see that we're not *actually* disarming BusKill in the same sense as our [BusKill GUI app](https://github.com/buskill/buskill-app/). Indeed, what we're *actually* going to do is swap these two files for 30 seconds.\n
    \n
    This way, if BusKill is armed and you remove the cable, your computer shuts-down.\n
    \n
    But if you want to disarm, the procedure becomes:\n
    \n
    1. Hit the "Disarm BusKill" keyboard shortcut (see below)\n
    2. Wait for the toast popup message indicating that BusKill is now disarmed\n
    3. Remove the cable within 30 seconds\n
    4. Your screen locks (instead of shutting down)\n
    \n
    Personally, I can't think of a QubesOS user that would want to leave their machine unlocked when they go to the bathroom, so I figured this approach would work better than an *actual* disarm.\n
    \n
    Bonus: when you return from your break, just plug-in the BusKill cable in, and it'll already be armed (reducing the risk of user error due to forgetting to arm BusKill).\n
    \n
    Now, let's add the actual '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script to disarm BusKill:\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">#!/bin/bash\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Temp disarm BusKill. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Tom \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Co-Auth: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'shutdown' trigger with the 'lock' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># let the user know that BusKill is now temporarily disarmed\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 21000 "BusKill" "Disarmed for 30 seconds" -i changes-allow\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># wait 30 seconds\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sleep 30\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'lock' trigger with the 'shutdown' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 5000 "BusKill" "BusKill is Armed" -i changes-prevent\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    dom0\n
    ----\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you shouldn't need to add any files to dom0. What you *do* need to do is setup some keyboard shortcuts.\n
    \n
    In the QubesOS GUI, click on the big `Q` "Start Menu" in the top-left of your XFCE panel to open the Applications menu. Navigate to '`System Tools`' and click Keyboard\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with an arrow pointing to the “Q” Application Menu in the very top-left of the screen](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu1.png)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Application Menu with “System Tools -> Keyboard” highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Q” to open the QubesOS Application Menu | Click System Tools -&gt; Keyboard |\n
    \n
    Click the '`Application Shortcuts`' Tab and then click the '`+ Add`' button on the bottom-left of the window.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “Application Shortcuts” tab highlighted’alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “+ Add” button highlightedalt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add1.jpg.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Application Shortcuts” tab to add a Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes | Click the “Add” Button to add a new Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes |\n
    \n
    In the '`Command`' input field, type the following\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">qvm-run sys-usb buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The above command will execute a command in '`dom0`' that will execute a command in '`sys-usb`' that will execute the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script that we created above.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the OK button highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After typing the command to be executed when the keyboard shortcut is pressed, click the "OK" button |\n
    \n
    Now click "OK" and, when prompted, type Ctrl+Shift+D (or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to bind to "Disarming BusKill").\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the prompt "Press now the keyboard keys you want to use to trigger the command…"alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add3.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the selected Shortcut "Shift+Ctrl+D"](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add4.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Type “Ctrl+Shift+D” or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to trigger BusKill to be disarmed for 30 seconds |  |\n
    \n
    You should now have a keyboard shortcut binding for disarming BusKill!\n
    \n
    [![Screenshot of QubesOS\n
    Keyboard Settings Window that shows the newly created keyboard shortcut\n
    for Shift+Ctrl+D at the top of the\n
    list](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-added1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/)\n
    \n
    Test It!\n
    ========\n
    \n
    At this point, you can test your new (temporary) BusKill Disarm functionality by:\n
    \n
    1. Plugging-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Typing Ctrl+Shift+D\n
    3. Waiting for the toast popup message to appear indicating that BusKill is disarmed for 30 seconds\n
    4. Unplugging your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your machine should lock, not shutdown.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill Disarmed for 30 Seconds](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-disarmed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After hitting the keyboard shortcut to disarm BusKill, you have 30 seconds to remove the cable |\n
    \n
    After 30 seconds, return to your computer and test the normal "arm" functionality:\n
    \n
    1. Plug-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Unlock your screen\n
    3. Unplug your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your computer should shutdown, not lock.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill is Armed](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-armed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | 30 seconds after hitting the keyboard shortcut, BusKill will arm itself |\n
    \n
    Troubleshooting\n
    ===============\n
    \n
    Is unplugging your USB device doing nothing? Having other issues?\n
    \n
    See the [Troubleshooting section](https://buskill.in/qubes-os/#troubleshooting) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Limitations/Improvements\n
    ========================\n
    \n
    Security is porous. All software has bugs. Nothing is 100% secure. For more limitations to using BusKill on QubesOS, see the [Limitations section](https://busill.in/qubes-os/#limitations) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Buy a BusKill Cable\n
    ===================\n
    \n
    We look forward to continuing to improve the BusKill software and making BusKill more accessible this year. If you want to help, [please consider purchasing a BusKill cable](https://buskill.in/buy) for yourself or a loved one. It helps us fund further development, and you get your own BusKill cable to keep you or your loved ones safe.\n
    \n
    You can also buy a BusKill cable with bitcoin, monero, and other altcoins from our [BusKill Store’s .onion site](http://buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).\n
    \n
    Stay safe,  \n
    The BusKill Team  \n
    [www.buskill.in](https://www.buskill.in/)  \n
    [buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tl…](http://www.buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion)
    """
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'buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion':2608 'buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).':2607 'button':1283,2042,2078,2098,2160,2181 'buy':810,1084,1094,2525,2590 'cabl':748,814,973,999,1087,1650,1690,1750,2324,2351,2395,2415,2424,2528,2556,2578,2593 'cannot':603 'care':588,794,1601 'cat':1111,1458,1553,1790 'caus':35,475 'cc':634 'cc-by-sa':633 'chair':440 'chanc':282 'chang':1868,1906 'changes-allow':1867 'changes-prev':1905 'chmod':1910 'choos':993 'chose':941 'classifi':138,248 'click':1954,1980,2019,2028,2032,2039,2083,2095,2178,2183 'co':1815 'co-auth':1814 'combin':874 'command':555,1067,1213,2109,2124,2128,2135,2168,2225 'compartiment':190 'comput':37,497,765,822,1652,2402,2426 'concern':701 'configur':477,1169,1280 'connect':469 'consid':2552 'consider':796 'consist':661 'constraint':1273 'contain':552,560,692 'content':621,658 'continu':2533 'control':1511,1844,1893 'cord':22,64,94,1054 'corrupt':570 'crash':447 'creat':1129,1483,1579,1819,2148,2287 'creativecommons.org':638 'creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)':637 'ctrl':2189,2242,2248,2292,2327 'current':271 'currently-run':270 'd':145,284,1081,1454,2191,2243,2250,2293,2329 'data':151,196,267,276,289,365,466,581,608,695,697,1431 'data/input':1252 'date':1451 'day':1411 'dead':538 'decid':872,903 'delet':574 'demo':397 'depend':988 'describ':3,514,528,780,1124 'design':1135,1204 'destroy':170,317 'destruct':43,504,740,756,774,1369 'detect':968 'determin':1037 'develop':2571 'devic':947,957,1046,1174,1178,1376,2467 'device-specif':1045 'disarm':16,45,100,536,1282,1418,1543,1610,1661,1668,1686,1736,1779,1803,1855,1862,2201,2262,2275,2315,2343,2373,2386 'disclaim':549 'disk':226 'dispoablevm':913 'dispos':156,204,296,690,932 'dispvm':143,154,168,253,274,292,315 'document':353 'dom0':869,1110,1118,1171,1188,1218,1243,1262,1288,1315,1501,1597,1913,1938,2130 'done':584 'door':357,377,450 'drive':991,1009,1035,1043 'due':725,1132,1270,1432,1764 'dvm':937 'eg':541,934,1198,1234 'en.wikipedia.org':965 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/udev)':964 'encrypt':227,394 'enemi':343 'env':1012,1494,1590 'environ':1065 'eof':1459,1503,1554,1599,1791,1908 'error':1763 'even':1359 'event':474,862 'exact':977 'exampl':29 'exclus':687 'execut':480,1193,1216,1239,1295,1319,1402,1439,1544,1781,2126,2133,2142,2171 'experi':677,1381 'experiment':553 'explain':404 'exploit':184 'fall':437 'fals':1437 'false-posit':1436 'familiar':76 'fde':393 'fedora':935 'feet':435 'field':2111 'figur':1727 'file':161,301,554,985,1120,1126,1350,1395,1463,1521,1558,1636,1796,1936 'follow':617,712,769,1332,1441,1546,1783,1916,2114 'forget':1766 'forward':2531 'freedom.press':192 'freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to':191 'full':225 'fulli':1096 'function':2316,2408 'fund':2569 'get':258,1413,2574 'github.com':311,918,1622 'github.com/buskill/buskill-app/).':1621 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'isol':944 'issu':2472 'journalist':176,326 'jump':432 'keep':194,1157,2580 'key':395,2217 'keyboard':7,532,1165,1285,1312,1670,1948,1981,2014,2031,2054,2071,2091,2103,2153,2174,2194,2206,2216,2233,2253,2271,2280,2288,2383,2456 'kill':21,63,93,1053 'know':594,1849 'laptop':20,62,92,132,223,242,387,428,453,1057 'last':509 'lead':568 'leav':705,1715 'left':1965,1999,2047 'less':1258 'less-trust':1257 'let':320,1386,1514,1771,1846 'liabil':666 'licens':630,640,648,656,671,1487,1583,1823 'like':1175 'limit':664,2503,2511 'limitations/improvements':2489 'line':344 'linux':961 'list':1274,2299 'liter':129,239 'll':1278,1291,1754 'ln':1505,1838,1887 'lock':356,489,759,1527,1566,1697,1832,1877,2355,2430 'look':2530 'loos':1428 'loss':609,698 'love':2564,2584 'luk':1366 'm':219,1453,1456 'machin':691,1717,2353 'magnet':418,468 'make':200,830,1089,2540 'man':539 'manipul':1306 'match':958,1030 'may':564,566,949,1358 'mental':1143 'menu':1960,1974,1993,2010,2027 'messag':1680,2336,2364,2437 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'privat':266 'privileg':1191 'probabl':1422 'procedur':1419,1663 'proceed':710 'prompt':2187,2212 'properti':1018,1026 'protect':363 'provid':626 'purchas':744,2553 'purpos':1469,1564,1801 'put':1536 'q':1958,1991,2021 'qube':185,319,512,851,879,1076,1113,1224,1447,1552,1789,2094,2106 'qubes-o':511 'qubes-rpc':1223 'qubeso':10,48,66,86,96,103,183,222,522,845,1100,1107,1137,1162,1342,1709,1926,1952,1984,2008,2025,2053,2070,2152,2205,2232,2279,2360,2433,2488,2508,2524 'queri':1040 'quick':379 'qvm':2116 'qvm-run':2115 'r4.1':1116 'ram':391,446 're':135,230,245,324,1149,1379,1607,1627 'read':70 'reader':1602 'reason':1247 'recommend':674 'recov':150,288 'reduc':1758 'refer':889,923 'regim':337 'releas':719,735,1114 'reload':1512,1845,1894 'remov':1372,1491,1587,1648,1688,2393 'replac':887,921,1024,1826,1875 'research':175,346 'respect':670 'respons':442,605 'result':615 'return':1740,2399 'right':332,2369,2442 'rip':455 'risk':596,728,792,1760 'rm':1835,1884 'rootf':159,299 'rout':1180 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  +cross: true
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 0
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://monero.town/post/702806"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1696350352 {#1924
    date: 2023-10-03 18:25:52.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
8 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1950
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#158 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1928 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#233 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#200 …}
  +slug: "QubesOS-Disarm-Shortcut-for-BusKill-Hardware-Dead-Man-Switch"
  +title: "[QubesOS] Disarm Shortcut for BusKill Hardware Dead Man Switch"
  +url: "https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/"
  +body: """
    This article describes how to setup keyboard shortcuts in QubesOS so that you can temporarily disarm (pause) the BusKill laptop kill cord.\n
    \n
    This allows the user to, for example, go to the bathroom without causing their computer to shutdown or self-destruct.\n
    \n
    [![Arm  Disarm BusKill in QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_featuredImage.jpg)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm)\n
    \n
    This is a guide that builds on part one: [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/). Before reading this, you should already be familiar with how to [setup udev rules for BusKill on QubesOS](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-os/).\n
    \n
    1. [A Laptop Kill Cord for QubesOS (1/2)](/qubes-os/)\n
    2. Disarm BusKill in QubesOS (2/2)\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: This post is adapted from its original [article on Tom Hocker's blog](https://humandecoded.io/qubes-os-yubikey-buskill/).\n
    \n
    What is BusKill?\n
    ================\n
    \n
    > What if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? They'd also be able to recover data from previous DispVMs--as Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files are *not* securely shredded after your DispVM is destroyed.\n
    \n
    Are you a security researcher, journalist, or intelligence operative that works in QubesOS--exploiting Qubes' [brilliant security-through-compartimentalization](https://freedom.press/news/the-operating-system-that-can-protect-you-even-if-you-get-hacked/)to keep your data safe? Do you make use of Whonix [Disposable VMs](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/disposablevm/) for your work? Great! This post is for you.\n
    \n
    I'm sure your QubesOS laptop has Full Disk Encryption and you're using a strong passphrase. But what if someone literally steals your laptop while you're working with classified information inside a Whonix DispVM? Not only will they get access to all of your AppVM's private data and the currently-running Whonix DispVM's data, but there's a high chance they'd be able to recover data from [previous DispVMs](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Qubes/DisposableVM#Warnings)--as **Disposable VM's rootfs virtual files ([volatile.img](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion)) are [*not* securely shredded](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/904) after your DispVM is destroyed** by Qubes!\n
    \n
    Let's say you're a journalist, activist, whistleblower, or a human rights worker in an oppressive regime. Or an intelligence operative behind enemy lines doing research or preparing a top-secret document behind a locked door. What do you do to protect your data, sources, or assets when the secret police suddenly batter down your door? How quickly can you *actually* act to shutdown your laptop and shred your RAM and/or FDE encryption keys?\n
    \n
    | [![BusKill Demo](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/02/busKillDemo.mp4)](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) |\n
    |---|\n
    | *Watch the [BusKill Explainer Video](https://www.buskill.in/#demo) for more info [youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4](https://www.youtube.com/v/qPwyoD_cQR4)* |\n
    \n
    BusKill utilizes a magnetic trip-wire that tethers your body to your laptop. If you suddenly jump to your feet or fall off your chair (in response to the battering ram crashing through your door) or your laptop is ripped off your table by a group of armed thugs, the data bus' magnetic connection will be severed. This event causes a configurable *trigger* to execute.\n
    \n
    The BusKill `trigger` can be anything from:\n
    \n
    1. locking your screen or\n
    2. shutting down the computer or\n
    3. initiating a [self-destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) sequence\n
    \n
    While our [last post](qubes-os) described how to setup such a system in QubesOS with BusKill, *this* post will describe how to add keyboard shortcuts to arm &amp; disarm the dead man switch (eg so you can go to the bathroom).\n
    \n
    Disclaimer\n
    ==========\n
    \n
    This guide contains experimental files, commands, and software. The information contained in this article may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. We've done our best to carefully guide the user so they know the risks of each BusKill trigger, but we cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.\n
    \n
    The contents of this guide is provided openly and is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the [GNU GPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.\n
    \n
    We highly recommend that any experiments with the scripts included in this article are used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.\n
    \n
    If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed with following this guide. You have been warned.\n
    \n
    Release Note\n
    ------------\n
    \n
    Also be aware that, due to the risks outlined above, BusKill will *not*be released with this "self-destruct" trigger.\n
    \n
    If you [purchase](/buy)a BusKill cable, it will only ship with non-destructive triggers that lock the screen or shutdown the computer. Advanced users can follow guides to add additional destructive triggers, such as the one described in this post, but they should do so at their own risk--taking carefully into consideration all of the warnings outlined above and throughout this article.\n
    \n
    **Again, if you [buy](/buy) a BusKill cable, the worst that can happen is your computer will abruptly shutdown.**\n
    \n
    Assumptions\n
    ===========\n
    \n
    This guide necessarily makes several assumptions outlined below.\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    In this guide, we assume that your QubesOS install has a [USB-Qube](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-qubes/) named '`sys-usb`' for handling [USB events](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/usb-devices/) on behalf of `dom0`.\n
    \n
    If you decided to combine your USB and networking Qubes at [install time](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/installation-guide/#initial-setup), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' to '`sys-net`'.\n
    \n
    If you decided to run your '`sys-usb`' VM as a DispoableVM at [install time](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6684#issuecomment-1435381919), then replace all references in this guide for '`sys-usb`' its Disposable TemplateVM (eg '`fedora-36-dvm`').\n
    \n
    …And if you chose not to isolate your USB devices, then [may god help you](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2011/05/31/usb-security-challenges.html).\n
    \n
    Udev Device Matching\n
    --------------------\n
    \n
    BusKill in Linux uses [udev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev) to detect when the USB's cable is severed. The exact udev rule that you use in the files below will depend on the drive you choose to use in your BusKill cable.\n
    \n
    In this guide, we identify our BusKill-specific drive with the '`ENV{ID_MODEL}==“Micromax_A74”`' [udev property](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#udev_rule_example). You should replace this property with one that matches your BusKill-specific drive.\n
    \n
    To determine how to query your USB drive for device-specific identifiers, see [Introducing BusKill: A Kill Cord for your Laptop](/buskill-laptop-kill-cord-dead-man-switch/#software). Note that the ``udevadm monitor --environment --udev`` command should be run in the '`sys-usb`' Qube.\n
    \n
    > ⓘ Note: If you'd prefer to buy a BusKill cable than make your own, you can buy one fully assembled [here](/buy).\n
    \n
    QubesOS Version\n
    ---------------\n
    \n
    This guide was written for QubesOS v4.1.\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release Qubes release 4.1.2 (R4.1)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">[user@dom0 ~]$\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    BusKill Files\n
    =============\n
    \n
    This section will describe what files should be created and where.\n
    \n
    Due to the design of QubesOS, it takes a bit of mental gymnastics to understand what we're doing and why. It's important to keep in mind that, in QubesOS\n
    \n
    1. The keyboard and UI are configured in '`dom0’`\n
    2. USB devices (like the BusKill device) are routed to the '`sys-usb`' VM\n
    3. dom0 has the privilege to execute scripts inside other VMs (eg '`sys-usb`')\n
    4. By design, VMs should *not* be able to send arbitrary commands to be executed in dom0\n
    5. .…but via the [qubes-rpc](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qrexec/#qubes-rpc-services), we *can* permit some VMs (eg '`sys-usb`') to execute a script in dom0 (though for security reasons, ideally such that no data/input is sent from the less-trusted VM to dom0 -- other than the name of the script)\n
    \n
    Due to the constraints listed above:\n
    \n
    1. We'll be configuring the disarm button as keyboard shortcut in dom0\n
    2. We'll be saving and executing the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script in '`sys-usb`' (because these scripts manipulate our udev rules)\n
    3. The keyboard shortcut in dom0 will *actually* be executing the above script in '`sys-usb`'\n
    \n
    sys-usb\n
    -------\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you should already have a file in '`sys-usb`' at '`/rw/config/buskill.rules`'. You may even have modified it to trigger a [LUKS Self-Destruct](/luks-self-destruct/) on removal of your BusKill device.\n
    \n
    Because you're *now* experimenting with a new setup, let's go ahead and wipe out that old file with a new one that *just* executes a soft-shutdown. You might need some days to get used to the new disarm procedure, and you probably don't want to suddenly loose all your data due to an accidental false-positive!\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">mv /rw/config/buskill.rules /rw/config/buskill.rules.bak.`date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Add buskill rules. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2020-01-02\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.softShutdown"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Now, let's add a new udev '`.rules`' file. This one will always *just* lock your screen, and it's what will be put in-place when BusKill is "disarmed".\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules -> /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Just lock the screen. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="Micromax_A74", RUN+="/usr/bin/qrexec-client-vm dom0 buskill.lock"\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The careful reader will see that we're not *actually* disarming BusKill in the same sense as our [BusKill GUI app](https://github.com/buskill/buskill-app/). Indeed, what we're *actually* going to do is swap these two files for 30 seconds.\n
    \n
    This way, if BusKill is armed and you remove the cable, your computer shuts-down.\n
    \n
    But if you want to disarm, the procedure becomes:\n
    \n
    1. Hit the "Disarm BusKill" keyboard shortcut (see below)\n
    2. Wait for the toast popup message indicating that BusKill is now disarmed\n
    3. Remove the cable within 30 seconds\n
    4. Your screen locks (instead of shutting down)\n
    \n
    Personally, I can't think of a QubesOS user that would want to leave their machine unlocked when they go to the bathroom, so I figured this approach would work better than an *actual* disarm.\n
    \n
    Bonus: when you return from your break, just plug-in the BusKill cable in, and it'll already be armed (reducing the risk of user error due to forgetting to arm BusKill).\n
    \n
    Now, let's add the actual '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script to disarm BusKill:\n
    \n
    Execute the following on your '`sys-usb`' Qube:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">cat &lt;&lt; EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">#!/bin/bash\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># File:    sys-usb:/usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Purpose: Temp disarm BusKill. For more info, see: https://buskill.in/qubes-os/\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Authors: Tom \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Co-Auth: Michael Altfield \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># Created: 2023-05-10\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># License: GNU GPLv3\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">################################################################################\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'shutdown' trigger with the 'lock' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.lock.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># let the user know that BusKill is now temporarily disarmed\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 21000 "BusKill" "Disarmed for 30 seconds" -i changes-allow\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># wait 30 seconds\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sleep 30\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"> \n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;"># replace the 'lock' trigger with the 'shutdown' trigger\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo ln -s /rw/config/buskill.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/buskill.rules\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo udevadm control --reload\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">notify-send -t 5000 "BusKill" "BusKill is Armed" -i changes-prevent\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">EOF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    dom0\n
    ----\n
    \n
    If you followed our [previous guide to setting-up BusKill in QubesOS](/qubes-os/), then you shouldn't need to add any files to dom0. What you *do* need to do is setup some keyboard shortcuts.\n
    \n
    In the QubesOS GUI, click on the big `Q` "Start Menu" in the top-left of your XFCE panel to open the Applications menu. Navigate to '`System Tools`' and click Keyboard\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with an arrow pointing to the “Q” Application Menu in the very top-left of the screen](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu1.png)](https://buskill.in/qubes-disarm) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Application Menu with “System Tools -> Keyboard” highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_menu2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Q” to open the QubesOS Application Menu | Click System Tools -&gt; Keyboard |\n
    \n
    Click the '`Application Shortcuts`' Tab and then click the '`+ Add`' button on the bottom-left of the window.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “Application Shortcuts” tab highlighted’alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the “+ Add” button highlightedalt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add1.jpg.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Click the “Application Shortcuts” tab to add a Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes | Click the “Add” Button to add a new Keyboard Shortcut in Qubes |\n
    \n
    In the '`Command`' input field, type the following\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">qvm-run sys-usb buskill-disarm.sh\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    The above command will execute a command in '`dom0`' that will execute a command in '`sys-usb`' that will execute the '`buskill-disarm.sh`' script that we created above.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the OK button highlighted](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add2.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After typing the command to be executed when the keyboard shortcut is pressed, click the "OK" button |\n
    \n
    Now click "OK" and, when prompted, type Ctrl+Shift+D (or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to bind to "Disarming BusKill").\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the prompt "Press now the keyboard keys you want to use to trigger the command…"alt](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add3.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) | [![Screenshot of QubesOS Keyboard Settings Window that shows the selected Shortcut "Shift+Ctrl+D"](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-add4.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|---|\n
    | Type “Ctrl+Shift+D” or whatever keyboard shortcut you want to trigger BusKill to be disarmed for 30 seconds |  |\n
    \n
    You should now have a keyboard shortcut binding for disarming BusKill!\n
    \n
    [![Screenshot of QubesOS\n
    Keyboard Settings Window that shows the newly created keyboard shortcut\n
    for Shift+Ctrl+D at the top of the\n
    list](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_keyboard-settings-added1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/)\n
    \n
    Test It!\n
    ========\n
    \n
    At this point, you can test your new (temporary) BusKill Disarm functionality by:\n
    \n
    1. Plugging-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Typing Ctrl+Shift+D\n
    3. Waiting for the toast popup message to appear indicating that BusKill is disarmed for 30 seconds\n
    4. Unplugging your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your machine should lock, not shutdown.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill Disarmed for 30 Seconds](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-disarmed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | After hitting the keyboard shortcut to disarm BusKill, you have 30 seconds to remove the cable |\n
    \n
    After 30 seconds, return to your computer and test the normal "arm" functionality:\n
    \n
    1. Plug-in your BusKill cable\n
    2. Unlock your screen\n
    3. Unplug your BusKill cable\n
    \n
    Your computer should shutdown, not lock.\n
    \n
    | [![Screenshot of QubesOS with a toast message in the top-right that says BusKill is Armed](https://www.buskill.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/qubes-disarm_buskill-armed1.png)](https://www.buskill.in/qubes-disarm/) |\n
    |---|\n
    | 30 seconds after hitting the keyboard shortcut, BusKill will arm itself |\n
    \n
    Troubleshooting\n
    ===============\n
    \n
    Is unplugging your USB device doing nothing? Having other issues?\n
    \n
    See the [Troubleshooting section](https://buskill.in/qubes-os/#troubleshooting) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Limitations/Improvements\n
    ========================\n
    \n
    Security is porous. All software has bugs. Nothing is 100% secure. For more limitations to using BusKill on QubesOS, see the [Limitations section](https://busill.in/qubes-os/#limitations) in our original guide to using BusKill on QubesOS.\n
    \n
    Buy a BusKill Cable\n
    ===================\n
    \n
    We look forward to continuing to improve the BusKill software and making BusKill more accessible this year. If you want to help, [please consider purchasing a BusKill cable](https://buskill.in/buy) for yourself or a loved one. It helps us fund further development, and you get your own BusKill cable to keep you or your loved ones safe.\n
    \n
    You can also buy a BusKill cable with bitcoin, monero, and other altcoins from our [BusKill Store’s .onion site](http://buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion/buy/).\n
    \n
    Stay safe,  \n
    The BusKill Team  \n
    [www.buskill.in](https://www.buskill.in/)  \n
    [buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tl…](http://www.buskillvampfih2iucxhit3qp36i2zzql3u6pmkeafvlxs3tlmot5yad.onion)
    """
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
9 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
10 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1973
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
11 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1973
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1961 …}
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
12 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
13 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
14 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1364
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}
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
15 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1364
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
16 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1364
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
17 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
18 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1366
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    \n
    > Instagram: @enflamy || Epic cinematic music with a darker touch. With artists like 2WEI, Secession Studios and Audiomachine. Created with love for creative minds.
    """
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    date: 2023-10-03 15:33:43.0 +02:00
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
19 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1366
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1374 …}
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    \n
    > Instagram: @enflamy || Epic cinematic music with a darker touch. With artists like 2WEI, Secession Studios and Audiomachine. Created with love for creative minds.
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  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1696340023 {#1394
    date: 2023-10-03 15:33:43.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
20 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1366
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1374 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1365 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1369 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1378 …}
  +slug: "I-was-watching-The-Continental-and-went-looking-for-playlists"
  +title: "I was watching The Continental, and went looking for playlists matching a John Wick vibe, this one came close: **Instrumental Dark Fantasy**"
  +url: "https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2SSQd1NJfeucG3qzGGe4Os"
  +body: """
    Not my playlist, just one that I have been listening to for a few hours\n
    \n
    > Instagram: @enflamy || Epic cinematic music with a darker touch. With artists like 2WEI, Secession Studios and Audiomachine. Created with love for creative minds.
    """
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    "@enflamy"
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  -id: 10176
  -titleTs: "'came':18 'close':19 'continent':5 'dark':21 'fantasi':22 'instrument':20 'john':13 'look':8 'match':11 'one':17 'playlist':10 'vibe':15 'watch':3 'went':7 'wick':14"
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  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1696340023 {#1394
    date: 2023-10-03 15:33:43.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
21 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
22 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2427
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2424 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#2446 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2428 …}
  +slug: "Forage-Fellows"
  +title: "Forage Fellows 🍄🌱"
  +url: "https://lemm.ee/c/foraging"
  +body: """
    There used to be a community for us foragers before - but it vanished out of thin air!?\n
    \n
    Anyways, if you’re into foraging or have been curious about it, or want to pick it up as a new hobby - then this is the place that has come to stay! Join us share your latest adventures and findings, tips and tricks.\n
    \n
    <https://lemm.ee/c/foraging>\n
    \n
    **Let’s create a community that is down to earth!**\n
    \n
    *pun intended.*
    """
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    date: 2023-10-03 15:04:50.0 +02:00
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
23 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#2427
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2424 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#2446 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2428 …}
  +slug: "Forage-Fellows"
  +title: "Forage Fellows 🍄🌱"
  +url: "https://lemm.ee/c/foraging"
  +body: """
    There used to be a community for us foragers before - but it vanished out of thin air!?\n
    \n
    Anyways, if you’re into foraging or have been curious about it, or want to pick it up as a new hobby - then this is the place that has come to stay! Join us share your latest adventures and findings, tips and tricks.\n
    \n
    <https://lemm.ee/c/foraging>\n
    \n
    **Let’s create a community that is down to earth!**\n
    \n
    *pun intended.*
    """
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
24 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2427
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#2446 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2428 …}
  +slug: "Forage-Fellows"
  +title: "Forage Fellows 🍄🌱"
  +url: "https://lemm.ee/c/foraging"
  +body: """
    There used to be a community for us foragers before - but it vanished out of thin air!?\n
    \n
    Anyways, if you’re into foraging or have been curious about it, or want to pick it up as a new hobby - then this is the place that has come to stay! Join us share your latest adventures and findings, tips and tricks.\n
    \n
    <https://lemm.ee/c/foraging>\n
    \n
    **Let’s create a community that is down to earth!**\n
    \n
    *pun intended.*
    """
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
25 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
26 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2466
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  +slug: "We-Know-Who-You-Are"
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
27 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#2466
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2476 …}
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  +slug: "We-Know-Who-You-Are"
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
28 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2466
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
29 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
30 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1359
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#2490 …}
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
31 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1359
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2488 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#2490 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#2489 …}
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
32 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1359
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  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#2489 …}
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
33 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
34 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1546
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
35 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1546
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1544 …}
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  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1547 …}
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
36 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1546
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
37 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
38 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1534
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
39 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1534
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1542 …}
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
40 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1534
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1540 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1538 …}
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
41 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
42 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1623
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1406 …}
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
43 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1623
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1631 …}
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  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1704 …}
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
44 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1623
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1631 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1406 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1704 …}
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
45 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
46 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1468
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1474 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1472 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1471 …}
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
47 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1468
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1474 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1472 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1471 …}
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
48 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1468
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
49 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
50 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1490
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1491 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1493 …}
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51 DENIED edit 
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52 DENIED moderate 
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53 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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54 DENIED moderate 
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  +slug: "Weak-IP-Address-Evidence-Collapses-Non-Responsive-Movie-Pirates-Lawsuit-TorrentFreak"
  +title: "Weak IP Address Evidence Collapses 'Non-Responsive Movie Pirates' Lawsuit TorrentFreak"
  +url: "https://torrentfreak.com/weak-ip-address-evidence-collapses-non-responsive-movie-pirates-lawsuit-231002/"
  +body: """
    Voltage Holdings has lost its appeal against a 2022 Canada Federal Court decision that denied default judgment against a number of unnamed internet subscribers. Voltage claimed that the internet users, who all received two prior infringement notices, shared the movie ‘Revolt’ on BitTorrent or authorized someone else with access to their internet connection to do so.\n
    \n
    Voltage Holdings is one of many mostly American movie companies that have attempted to turn piracy into profit over the last 15 years. A lawsuit the company filed in Canada is broadly the same as others filed elsewhere but the same cannot be said about the outcome.\n
    \n
    **Background**\n
    \n
    In 2017, piracy monitoring company Maverickeye collected IP addresses of BitTorrent users sharing the Voltage-owned sci-fi movie ‘Revolt’. Canada operates a so-called ‘notice-and-notice’ regime so Voltage identified the ISPs related to the IP addresses and warning notices were sent to the relevant subscribers. Second notices were sent after Maverickeye found the same IP addresses sharing the same work a week or more later.\n
    \n
    In March 2018, Voltage filed a statement of claim against 110 ‘Doe’ defendants, identified only by their IP addresses. Voltage later obtained a so-called Norwich order which compelled the ISPs to disclose the names and addresses of the subscribers.\n
    \n
    Voltage labeled a subset of those subscribers “the worst of the worst” and since they failed to respond, the company requested default judgment at Canada’s Federal Court.\n
    \n
    Justice Angela Furlanetto agreed the defendants were in default but since Voltage only presented IP address-based evidence, questions remained over who had actually shared the movie.\n
    \n
    The Judge said that there wasn’t enough evidence to show a direct link to the subscriber or draw an adverse inference. Voltage argued that if the subscriber wasn’t the infringer, the fact that they had already received warnings under Canada’s ‘notice-and-notice’ regime, among other things, meant that they should be held liable for ‘authorizing’ infringement carried out by others.\n
    \n
    In June 2022, Justice Furlanetto declined default judgment but also refused to dismiss the case. Voltage was given more time to present evidence to support direct infringement or authorization but the company took its case to the Federal Court of Appeal instead.\n
    \n
    **Basis for Voltage’s Appeal**\n
    \n
    In its 36-page memorandum filed in November 2022, Voltage outlined two legal theories; either the billpayers pirated the movie themselves (direct infringement), or they authorized someone else’s direct infringement by allowing them to continue pirating Voltage’s movie, despite receiving warning notices from their ISPs.\n
    \n
    Arguments were heard on March 28, 2023, and three appeal court judges (Justices Donald J. Rennie, David W. Stratas, Wyman W. Webb) handed down their judgment last week.\n
    \n
    The judgment says that the appeal engages two issues: the jurisprudence on what constitutes direct infringement and authorizing infringement, and the burden of proof and circumstances under which an adverse inference can be drawn.\n
    \n
    “These issues are closely interrelated. The jurisprudence with respect to the law of copyright determines the minimum evidentiary requirements to establish the asserted types of infringement; in other words, the jurisprudence constrains the extent to which an adverse inference may be drawn in the context of online copyright infringement,” the judgment reads.\n
    \n
    **Judgment Guided By Supreme Court Ruling in 2022**\n
    \n
    According to Voltage, once it had presented all “technologically available” evidence to the Court, a “tactical burden of proof” shifted to the internet subscribers. This effectively meant they had to show they were not the infringers. In respect of its authorization claims, Voltage said that Justice Furlanetto was wrong to insist on more evidence; the fact that the subscribers received notices yet failed to control their internet connections was sufficient.\n
    \n
    The judgment deals with the authorization claims first, guided by a Supreme Court decision handed down in 2022 in Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Entertainment Software Association.\n
    \n
    “The Supreme Court endorsed the Copyright Board’s determination that ‘it is the act of posting [the work] that constitutes authorization’ because the person who makes the work available ‘either controls or purports to control the right to communicate it’ and ‘invites anyone with Internet access to have the work communicated to them. The authorizer is the individual directly engaging with the copyrighted material,” the judgment clarifies.\n
    \n
    As a result, the Court of Appeal says that whoever used the subscribers’ internet connections to make Voltage’s movie available for download, authorized the infringement. The Supreme Court found that an authorizer permits reproduction but Voltage claims that an authorizer is someone who permits someone to permit reproduction.\n
    \n
    The difference in opinion would prove fatal.\n
    \n
    **Collisions in Copyright Law**\n
    \n
    Justice Rennie says the Voltage appeal fails to show “any reversible error” in the Federal Court’s decision. Furthermore, Voltage’s arguments on authorization are “inconsistent” with the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision. Voltage’s claims of direct infringement also run into trouble.\n
    \n
    “Although it accepted that individuals using each respondents’ IP address had infringed the appellant’s copyright by uploading the Work, the Federal Court found that it could not conclude at this time that the respondents were themselves those particular individuals. I agree,” Justice Rennie writes.\n
    \n
    On the question of a subscriber’s failure to defend, the Judge agrees that can lead to an adverse inference. However, just because a defendant is found to be in default at an early stage, it does not necessarily follow that an adverse inference should be drawn at the same stage.\n
    \n
    “If the fact that a defendant was in default automatically allowed for adverse inferences at the second stage of the test for motions for default judgment, plaintiffs on ex parte motions for default judgment would need to present no evidence to the court in order to be successful. Some evidence is required,” Justice Rennie continues.\n
    \n
    Indeed, the Federal Court held that “something more is needed than the bare assertion that a subscriber is, by default, the user responsible for infringement.” Voltage failed to provide sufficient evidence, the Court of Appeal notes, so no adverse inference could be drawn.\n
    \n
    **Court of Appeal Tightens the Noose**\n
    \n
    Voltage’s reliance on infringement warnings to show subscribers’ failure to exercise control – over internet connections and connected devices – fails.\n
    \n
    As clarified in the Supreme Court decision, authorization depends on the alleged authorizer’s control over the person who committed the resulting infringement; it does not depend on the alleged authorizer’s control over the supply of their technology.\n
    \n
    Furthermore, to establish an infringing activity, there must be evidence to show what the activity does to the work in question.\n
    \n
    “Posting a work online and inviting others to view it engages the author’s authorization right; however, sharing internet access after receiving notices of alleged infringement does nothing to the work in question, and does not therefore engage any copyright interest granted to the author exclusively,” the Court of Appeal notes.\n
    \n
    **Conclusion: Voltage’s Appeal is Dismissed**\n
    \n
    From the judgment: “In the factual matrix of this case and at this relatively early stage of this case, the defendants’ lack of participation in litigation does not offset the plaintiff’s lack of evidence.\n
    \n
    “The Federal Court was not obligated to draw an adverse inference at this stage of the litigation merely because the respondents had, by their silence, not put forward sufficient evidence to rebut the appellant’s allegations,” Justice Rennie concludes.\n
    \n
    For these reasons, Justices Rennie, Stratas, and Webb, dismissed the appeal.\n
    \n
    The full judgment is available here ([pdf](https://torrentfreak.com/images/A-129-22Voltage-Holdings-LLC-v.-Doe-2023-FCA-194-Judgment-230927.pdf))
    """
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'part':952 'particip':1187 'particular':865 'pdf':1255 'permit':757,768,771 'person':680,1064 'piraci':72,107 'pirat':403,422 'plaintiff':949,1194 'post':672,1107 'present':259,360,561,960 'prior':35 'profit':74 'proof':484,573 'prove':778 'provid':1006 'publish':650 'purport':689 'put':1225 'question':265,874,1106,1139 'read':546 'reason':1240 'rebut':1230 'receiv':33,312,427,614,1128 'refus':349 'regim':137,321 'relat':143,1177 'relev':155 'relianc':1029 'remain':266 'renni':448,785,870,976,1236,1242 'reproduct':758,772 'request':238 'requir':513,974 'respect':503,592 'respond':235,834,861,1219 'respons':1000 'result':726,1068 'revers':794 'revolt':41,126 'right':693,1122 'rule':552 'run':824 'said':100,276,598 'say':463,731,786 'sci':123 'sci-fi':122 'second':157,939 'sent':152,160 'share':38,117,168,271,1124 'shift':574 'show':284,585,792,1034,1097 'silenc':1223 'sinc':231,256 'so-cal':130,200 'societi':644 'softwar':655 'someon':46,412,766,769 'someth':984 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Show voter details
55 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1751
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1772 …}
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  +slug: "Weak-IP-Address-Evidence-Collapses-Non-Responsive-Movie-Pirates-Lawsuit-TorrentFreak"
  +title: "Weak IP Address Evidence Collapses 'Non-Responsive Movie Pirates' Lawsuit TorrentFreak"
  +url: "https://torrentfreak.com/weak-ip-address-evidence-collapses-non-responsive-movie-pirates-lawsuit-231002/"
  +body: """
    Voltage Holdings has lost its appeal against a 2022 Canada Federal Court decision that denied default judgment against a number of unnamed internet subscribers. Voltage claimed that the internet users, who all received two prior infringement notices, shared the movie ‘Revolt’ on BitTorrent or authorized someone else with access to their internet connection to do so.\n
    \n
    Voltage Holdings is one of many mostly American movie companies that have attempted to turn piracy into profit over the last 15 years. A lawsuit the company filed in Canada is broadly the same as others filed elsewhere but the same cannot be said about the outcome.\n
    \n
    **Background**\n
    \n
    In 2017, piracy monitoring company Maverickeye collected IP addresses of BitTorrent users sharing the Voltage-owned sci-fi movie ‘Revolt’. Canada operates a so-called ‘notice-and-notice’ regime so Voltage identified the ISPs related to the IP addresses and warning notices were sent to the relevant subscribers. Second notices were sent after Maverickeye found the same IP addresses sharing the same work a week or more later.\n
    \n
    In March 2018, Voltage filed a statement of claim against 110 ‘Doe’ defendants, identified only by their IP addresses. Voltage later obtained a so-called Norwich order which compelled the ISPs to disclose the names and addresses of the subscribers.\n
    \n
    Voltage labeled a subset of those subscribers “the worst of the worst” and since they failed to respond, the company requested default judgment at Canada’s Federal Court.\n
    \n
    Justice Angela Furlanetto agreed the defendants were in default but since Voltage only presented IP address-based evidence, questions remained over who had actually shared the movie.\n
    \n
    The Judge said that there wasn’t enough evidence to show a direct link to the subscriber or draw an adverse inference. Voltage argued that if the subscriber wasn’t the infringer, the fact that they had already received warnings under Canada’s ‘notice-and-notice’ regime, among other things, meant that they should be held liable for ‘authorizing’ infringement carried out by others.\n
    \n
    In June 2022, Justice Furlanetto declined default judgment but also refused to dismiss the case. Voltage was given more time to present evidence to support direct infringement or authorization but the company took its case to the Federal Court of Appeal instead.\n
    \n
    **Basis for Voltage’s Appeal**\n
    \n
    In its 36-page memorandum filed in November 2022, Voltage outlined two legal theories; either the billpayers pirated the movie themselves (direct infringement), or they authorized someone else’s direct infringement by allowing them to continue pirating Voltage’s movie, despite receiving warning notices from their ISPs.\n
    \n
    Arguments were heard on March 28, 2023, and three appeal court judges (Justices Donald J. Rennie, David W. Stratas, Wyman W. Webb) handed down their judgment last week.\n
    \n
    The judgment says that the appeal engages two issues: the jurisprudence on what constitutes direct infringement and authorizing infringement, and the burden of proof and circumstances under which an adverse inference can be drawn.\n
    \n
    “These issues are closely interrelated. The jurisprudence with respect to the law of copyright determines the minimum evidentiary requirements to establish the asserted types of infringement; in other words, the jurisprudence constrains the extent to which an adverse inference may be drawn in the context of online copyright infringement,” the judgment reads.\n
    \n
    **Judgment Guided By Supreme Court Ruling in 2022**\n
    \n
    According to Voltage, once it had presented all “technologically available” evidence to the Court, a “tactical burden of proof” shifted to the internet subscribers. This effectively meant they had to show they were not the infringers. In respect of its authorization claims, Voltage said that Justice Furlanetto was wrong to insist on more evidence; the fact that the subscribers received notices yet failed to control their internet connections was sufficient.\n
    \n
    The judgment deals with the authorization claims first, guided by a Supreme Court decision handed down in 2022 in Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Entertainment Software Association.\n
    \n
    “The Supreme Court endorsed the Copyright Board’s determination that ‘it is the act of posting [the work] that constitutes authorization’ because the person who makes the work available ‘either controls or purports to control the right to communicate it’ and ‘invites anyone with Internet access to have the work communicated to them. The authorizer is the individual directly engaging with the copyrighted material,” the judgment clarifies.\n
    \n
    As a result, the Court of Appeal says that whoever used the subscribers’ internet connections to make Voltage’s movie available for download, authorized the infringement. The Supreme Court found that an authorizer permits reproduction but Voltage claims that an authorizer is someone who permits someone to permit reproduction.\n
    \n
    The difference in opinion would prove fatal.\n
    \n
    **Collisions in Copyright Law**\n
    \n
    Justice Rennie says the Voltage appeal fails to show “any reversible error” in the Federal Court’s decision. Furthermore, Voltage’s arguments on authorization are “inconsistent” with the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision. Voltage’s claims of direct infringement also run into trouble.\n
    \n
    “Although it accepted that individuals using each respondents’ IP address had infringed the appellant’s copyright by uploading the Work, the Federal Court found that it could not conclude at this time that the respondents were themselves those particular individuals. I agree,” Justice Rennie writes.\n
    \n
    On the question of a subscriber’s failure to defend, the Judge agrees that can lead to an adverse inference. However, just because a defendant is found to be in default at an early stage, it does not necessarily follow that an adverse inference should be drawn at the same stage.\n
    \n
    “If the fact that a defendant was in default automatically allowed for adverse inferences at the second stage of the test for motions for default judgment, plaintiffs on ex parte motions for default judgment would need to present no evidence to the court in order to be successful. Some evidence is required,” Justice Rennie continues.\n
    \n
    Indeed, the Federal Court held that “something more is needed than the bare assertion that a subscriber is, by default, the user responsible for infringement.” Voltage failed to provide sufficient evidence, the Court of Appeal notes, so no adverse inference could be drawn.\n
    \n
    **Court of Appeal Tightens the Noose**\n
    \n
    Voltage’s reliance on infringement warnings to show subscribers’ failure to exercise control – over internet connections and connected devices – fails.\n
    \n
    As clarified in the Supreme Court decision, authorization depends on the alleged authorizer’s control over the person who committed the resulting infringement; it does not depend on the alleged authorizer’s control over the supply of their technology.\n
    \n
    Furthermore, to establish an infringing activity, there must be evidence to show what the activity does to the work in question.\n
    \n
    “Posting a work online and inviting others to view it engages the author’s authorization right; however, sharing internet access after receiving notices of alleged infringement does nothing to the work in question, and does not therefore engage any copyright interest granted to the author exclusively,” the Court of Appeal notes.\n
    \n
    **Conclusion: Voltage’s Appeal is Dismissed**\n
    \n
    From the judgment: “In the factual matrix of this case and at this relatively early stage of this case, the defendants’ lack of participation in litigation does not offset the plaintiff’s lack of evidence.\n
    \n
    “The Federal Court was not obligated to draw an adverse inference at this stage of the litigation merely because the respondents had, by their silence, not put forward sufficient evidence to rebut the appellant’s allegations,” Justice Rennie concludes.\n
    \n
    For these reasons, Justices Rennie, Stratas, and Webb, dismissed the appeal.\n
    \n
    The full judgment is available here ([pdf](https://torrentfreak.com/images/A-129-22Voltage-Holdings-LLC-v.-Doe-2023-FCA-194-Judgment-230927.pdf))
    """
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56 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1751
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1788 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1772 …}
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  +slug: "Weak-IP-Address-Evidence-Collapses-Non-Responsive-Movie-Pirates-Lawsuit-TorrentFreak"
  +title: "Weak IP Address Evidence Collapses 'Non-Responsive Movie Pirates' Lawsuit TorrentFreak"
  +url: "https://torrentfreak.com/weak-ip-address-evidence-collapses-non-responsive-movie-pirates-lawsuit-231002/"
  +body: """
    Voltage Holdings has lost its appeal against a 2022 Canada Federal Court decision that denied default judgment against a number of unnamed internet subscribers. Voltage claimed that the internet users, who all received two prior infringement notices, shared the movie ‘Revolt’ on BitTorrent or authorized someone else with access to their internet connection to do so.\n
    \n
    Voltage Holdings is one of many mostly American movie companies that have attempted to turn piracy into profit over the last 15 years. A lawsuit the company filed in Canada is broadly the same as others filed elsewhere but the same cannot be said about the outcome.\n
    \n
    **Background**\n
    \n
    In 2017, piracy monitoring company Maverickeye collected IP addresses of BitTorrent users sharing the Voltage-owned sci-fi movie ‘Revolt’. Canada operates a so-called ‘notice-and-notice’ regime so Voltage identified the ISPs related to the IP addresses and warning notices were sent to the relevant subscribers. Second notices were sent after Maverickeye found the same IP addresses sharing the same work a week or more later.\n
    \n
    In March 2018, Voltage filed a statement of claim against 110 ‘Doe’ defendants, identified only by their IP addresses. Voltage later obtained a so-called Norwich order which compelled the ISPs to disclose the names and addresses of the subscribers.\n
    \n
    Voltage labeled a subset of those subscribers “the worst of the worst” and since they failed to respond, the company requested default judgment at Canada’s Federal Court.\n
    \n
    Justice Angela Furlanetto agreed the defendants were in default but since Voltage only presented IP address-based evidence, questions remained over who had actually shared the movie.\n
    \n
    The Judge said that there wasn’t enough evidence to show a direct link to the subscriber or draw an adverse inference. Voltage argued that if the subscriber wasn’t the infringer, the fact that they had already received warnings under Canada’s ‘notice-and-notice’ regime, among other things, meant that they should be held liable for ‘authorizing’ infringement carried out by others.\n
    \n
    In June 2022, Justice Furlanetto declined default judgment but also refused to dismiss the case. Voltage was given more time to present evidence to support direct infringement or authorization but the company took its case to the Federal Court of Appeal instead.\n
    \n
    **Basis for Voltage’s Appeal**\n
    \n
    In its 36-page memorandum filed in November 2022, Voltage outlined two legal theories; either the billpayers pirated the movie themselves (direct infringement), or they authorized someone else’s direct infringement by allowing them to continue pirating Voltage’s movie, despite receiving warning notices from their ISPs.\n
    \n
    Arguments were heard on March 28, 2023, and three appeal court judges (Justices Donald J. Rennie, David W. Stratas, Wyman W. Webb) handed down their judgment last week.\n
    \n
    The judgment says that the appeal engages two issues: the jurisprudence on what constitutes direct infringement and authorizing infringement, and the burden of proof and circumstances under which an adverse inference can be drawn.\n
    \n
    “These issues are closely interrelated. The jurisprudence with respect to the law of copyright determines the minimum evidentiary requirements to establish the asserted types of infringement; in other words, the jurisprudence constrains the extent to which an adverse inference may be drawn in the context of online copyright infringement,” the judgment reads.\n
    \n
    **Judgment Guided By Supreme Court Ruling in 2022**\n
    \n
    According to Voltage, once it had presented all “technologically available” evidence to the Court, a “tactical burden of proof” shifted to the internet subscribers. This effectively meant they had to show they were not the infringers. In respect of its authorization claims, Voltage said that Justice Furlanetto was wrong to insist on more evidence; the fact that the subscribers received notices yet failed to control their internet connections was sufficient.\n
    \n
    The judgment deals with the authorization claims first, guided by a Supreme Court decision handed down in 2022 in Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Entertainment Software Association.\n
    \n
    “The Supreme Court endorsed the Copyright Board’s determination that ‘it is the act of posting [the work] that constitutes authorization’ because the person who makes the work available ‘either controls or purports to control the right to communicate it’ and ‘invites anyone with Internet access to have the work communicated to them. The authorizer is the individual directly engaging with the copyrighted material,” the judgment clarifies.\n
    \n
    As a result, the Court of Appeal says that whoever used the subscribers’ internet connections to make Voltage’s movie available for download, authorized the infringement. The Supreme Court found that an authorizer permits reproduction but Voltage claims that an authorizer is someone who permits someone to permit reproduction.\n
    \n
    The difference in opinion would prove fatal.\n
    \n
    **Collisions in Copyright Law**\n
    \n
    Justice Rennie says the Voltage appeal fails to show “any reversible error” in the Federal Court’s decision. Furthermore, Voltage’s arguments on authorization are “inconsistent” with the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision. Voltage’s claims of direct infringement also run into trouble.\n
    \n
    “Although it accepted that individuals using each respondents’ IP address had infringed the appellant’s copyright by uploading the Work, the Federal Court found that it could not conclude at this time that the respondents were themselves those particular individuals. I agree,” Justice Rennie writes.\n
    \n
    On the question of a subscriber’s failure to defend, the Judge agrees that can lead to an adverse inference. However, just because a defendant is found to be in default at an early stage, it does not necessarily follow that an adverse inference should be drawn at the same stage.\n
    \n
    “If the fact that a defendant was in default automatically allowed for adverse inferences at the second stage of the test for motions for default judgment, plaintiffs on ex parte motions for default judgment would need to present no evidence to the court in order to be successful. Some evidence is required,” Justice Rennie continues.\n
    \n
    Indeed, the Federal Court held that “something more is needed than the bare assertion that a subscriber is, by default, the user responsible for infringement.” Voltage failed to provide sufficient evidence, the Court of Appeal notes, so no adverse inference could be drawn.\n
    \n
    **Court of Appeal Tightens the Noose**\n
    \n
    Voltage’s reliance on infringement warnings to show subscribers’ failure to exercise control – over internet connections and connected devices – fails.\n
    \n
    As clarified in the Supreme Court decision, authorization depends on the alleged authorizer’s control over the person who committed the resulting infringement; it does not depend on the alleged authorizer’s control over the supply of their technology.\n
    \n
    Furthermore, to establish an infringing activity, there must be evidence to show what the activity does to the work in question.\n
    \n
    “Posting a work online and inviting others to view it engages the author’s authorization right; however, sharing internet access after receiving notices of alleged infringement does nothing to the work in question, and does not therefore engage any copyright interest granted to the author exclusively,” the Court of Appeal notes.\n
    \n
    **Conclusion: Voltage’s Appeal is Dismissed**\n
    \n
    From the judgment: “In the factual matrix of this case and at this relatively early stage of this case, the defendants’ lack of participation in litigation does not offset the plaintiff’s lack of evidence.\n
    \n
    “The Federal Court was not obligated to draw an adverse inference at this stage of the litigation merely because the respondents had, by their silence, not put forward sufficient evidence to rebut the appellant’s allegations,” Justice Rennie concludes.\n
    \n
    For these reasons, Justices Rennie, Stratas, and Webb, dismissed the appeal.\n
    \n
    The full judgment is available here ([pdf](https://torrentfreak.com/images/A-129-22Voltage-Holdings-LLC-v.-Doe-2023-FCA-194-Judgment-230927.pdf))
    """
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  -bodyTs: "'/images/a-129-22voltage-holdings-llc-v.-doe-2023-fca-194-judgment-230927.pdf))':1258 '110':187 '15':78 '2017':106 '2018':179 '2022':9,341,394,554,642,815 '2023':439 '28':438 '36':388 'accept':829 'access':49,702,1126 'accord':555 'act':670 'activ':1091,1100 'actual':270 'address':113,147,167,195,214,262,836 'address-bas':261 'advers':294,490,532,890,914,935,1016,1208 'agre':249,868,884 'alleg':1058,1076,1131,1234 'allow':418,933 'alreadi':311 'also':348,823 'although':827 'american':64 'among':322 'angela':247 'anyon':699 'appeal':6,379,385,442,466,730,789,1012,1023,1156,1161,1248 'appel':840,1232 'argu':297 'argument':433,805 'assert':517,991 'associ':656 'attempt':69 'author':45,333,367,411,478,595,630,647,677,711,747,756,764,807,1054,1059,1077,1119,1121,1151 'automat':932 'avail':564,685,744,1253 'background':104 'bare':990 'base':263 'basi':381 'billpay':402 'bittorr':43,115 'board':663 'broad':88 'burden':482,571 'call':132,202 'canada':10,86,127,242,315,652 'cannot':98 'carri':335 'case':353,373,1173,1182 'circumst':486 'claim':26,185,596,631,761,819 'clarifi':723,1048 'close':498 'collect':111 'collis':780 'commit':1066 'communic':695,707 'compani':66,83,109,237,370 'compel':206 'compos':646 'conclud':855,1237 'conclus':1158 'connect':53,622,738,1042,1044 'constitut':474,676 'constrain':526 'context':539 'continu':421,977 'control':619,687,691,1039,1061,1079 'copyright':508,542,662,719,782,842,1146 'could':853,1018 'court':12,245,377,443,551,568,637,659,728,752,799,813,849,965,981,1010,1021,1052,1154,1201 'david':449 'deal':627 'decis':13,638,801,816,1053 'declin':344 'default':16,239,254,345,902,931,947,955,997 'defend':189,251,881,896,928,1184 'deni':15 'depend':1055,1073 'despit':426 'determin':509,665 'devic':1045 'differ':774 'direct':286,364,407,415,475,715,821 'disclos':210 'dismiss':351,1163,1246 'doe':188 'donald':446 'download':746 'draw':292,1206 'drawn':494,536,918,1020 'earli':905,1178 'effect':580 'either':400,686 'els':47,413 'elsewher':94 'endors':660 'engag':467,716,1117,1144 'enough':281 'entertain':654 'error':795 'establish':515,1088 'evid':264,282,361,565,608,962,972,1008,1095,1198,1228 'evidentiari':512 'ex':951 'exclus':1152 'exercis':1038 'extent':528 'fact':307,610,925 'factual':1169 'fail':233,617,790,1004,1046 'failur':879,1036 'fatal':779 'feder':11,244,376,798,848,980,1200 'fi':124 'file':84,93,181,391 'first':632 'follow':911 'forward':1226 'found':163,753,850,898 'full':1250 'furlanetto':248,343,601 'furthermor':802,1086 'given':356 'grant':1148 'guid':548,633 'hand':455,639 'heard':435 'held':330,982 'hold':2,58 'howev':892,1123 'identifi':140,190 'inconsist':809 'inde':978 'individu':714,831,866 'infer':295,491,533,891,915,936,1017,1209 'infring':36,305,334,365,408,416,476,479,520,543,590,749,822,838,1002,1031,1069,1090,1132 'insist':605 'instead':380 'interest':1147 'internet':23,29,52,577,621,701,737,1041,1125 'interrel':499 'invit':698,1112 'ip':112,146,166,194,260,835 'isp':142,208,432 'issu':469,496 'j':447 'judg':275,444,883 'judgment':17,240,346,458,462,545,547,626,722,948,956,1166,1251 'june':340 'jurisprud':471,501,525 'justic':246,342,445,600,784,869,975,1235,1241 'label':219 'lack':1185,1196 'last':77,459 'later':176,197 'law':506,783 'lawsuit':81 'lead':887 'legal':398 'liabl':331 'link':287 'litig':1189,1215 'lost':4 'make':682,740 'mani':62 'march':178,437 'materi':720 'matrix':1170 'maverickey':110,162 'may':534 'meant':325,581 'memorandum':390 'mere':1216 'minimum':511 'monitor':108 'most':63 'motion':945,953 'movi':40,65,125,273,405,425,743 'music':649 'must':1093 'name':212 'necessarili':910 'need':958,987 'noos':1026 'norwich':203 'note':1013,1157 'noth':1134 'notic':37,134,136,150,158,318,320,429,615,1129 'notice-and-notic':133,317 'novemb':393 'number':20 'oblig':1204 'obtain':198 'offset':1192 'one':60 'onlin':541,1110 'oper':128 'opinion':776 'order':204,967 'other':92,338,1113 'outcom':103 'outlin':396 'own':121 'page':389 'part':952 'particip':1187 'particular':865 'pdf':1255 'permit':757,768,771 'person':680,1064 'piraci':72,107 'pirat':403,422 'plaintiff':949,1194 'post':672,1107 'present':259,360,561,960 'prior':35 'profit':74 'proof':484,573 'prove':778 'provid':1006 'publish':650 'purport':689 'put':1225 'question':265,874,1106,1139 'read':546 'reason':1240 'rebut':1230 'receiv':33,312,427,614,1128 'refus':349 'regim':137,321 'relat':143,1177 'relev':155 'relianc':1029 'remain':266 'renni':448,785,870,976,1236,1242 'reproduct':758,772 'request':238 'requir':513,974 'respect':503,592 'respond':235,834,861,1219 'respons':1000 'result':726,1068 'revers':794 'revolt':41,126 'right':693,1122 'rule':552 'run':824 'said':100,276,598 'say':463,731,786 'sci':123 'sci-fi':122 'second':157,939 'sent':152,160 'share':38,117,168,271,1124 'shift':574 'show':284,585,792,1034,1097 'silenc':1223 'sinc':231,256 'so-cal':130,200 'societi':644 'softwar':655 'someon':46,412,766,769 'someth':984 'stage':906,922,940,1179,1212 'statement':183 'strata':451,1243 'subscrib':24,156,217,224,290,301,578,613,736,877,994,1035 'subset':221 'success':970 'suffici':624,1007,1227 'suppli':1082 'support':363 'suprem':550,636,658,751,812,1051 'tactic':570 'technolog':563,1085 'test':943 'theori':399 'therefor':1143 'thing':324 'three':441 'tighten':1024 'time':358,858 'took':371 'torrentfreak.com':1257 'torrentfreak.com/images/a-129-22voltage-holdings-llc-v.-doe-2023-fca-194-judgment-230927.pdf))':1256 'troubl':826 'turn':71 'two':34,397,468 'type':518 'unnam':22 'upload':844 'use':734,832 'user':30,116,999 'v':653 'view':1115 'voltag':1,25,57,120,139,180,196,218,257,296,354,383,395,423,557,597,741,760,788,803,817,1003,1027,1159 'voltage-own':119 'w':450,453 'warn':149,313,428,1032 'wasn':279,302 'webb':454,1245 'week':173,460 'whoever':733 'word':523 'work':171,674,684,706,846,1104,1109,1137 'worst':226,229 'would':777,957 'write':871 'wrong':603 'wyman':452 'year':79 'yet':616"
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Show voter details
57 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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Show voter details
58 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
59 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1765
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Show voter details
60 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
61 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
62 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
63 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1636
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
64 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
65 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
66 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1451
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
67 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1451
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
68 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
69 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
70 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
71 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1462
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
72 DENIED moderate 
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
73 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
74 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1435
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
75 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1435
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Show voter details
76 DENIED moderate 
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Show voter details
77 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
78 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
79 DENIED edit 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
80 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
81 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
82 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
83 DENIED edit 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
84 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
85 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
86 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1652
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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Show voter details
87 DENIED edit 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
88 DENIED moderate 
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89 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
90 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
91 DENIED edit 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
92 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
93 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
94 DENIED moderate 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS DENIED 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
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Show voter details
95 DENIED edit 
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 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
96 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1549
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1560 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1540 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1568 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1444 …}
  +slug: "World-history-in-a-nutshell"
  +title: "World history in a nutshell"
  +url: "https://sh.itjust.works/pictrs/image/fbe9f523-544e-4ed8-aa02-affb4fb02387.webp"
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}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
97 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
98 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1554
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1560 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1540 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1558 …}
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  +slug: "The-rights-are-afraid-of-all-the-CoMmUnIsT-mEmEs"
  +title: "The rights are afraid of all the CoMmUnIsT mEmEs"
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    date: 2023-10-02 07:35:08.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
99 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1554
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1560 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1540 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1558 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1444 …}
  +slug: "The-rights-are-afraid-of-all-the-CoMmUnIsT-mEmEs"
  +title: "The rights are afraid of all the CoMmUnIsT mEmEs"
  +url: "https://sh.itjust.works/pictrs/image/3d261816-7a41-49d6-8708-2aeab7c7bdf8.webp"
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  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1619 …}
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  +apId: "https://sh.itjust.works/post/6371879"
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    date: 2023-10-02 07:35:08.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
100 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1554
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1560 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1540 …}
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1558 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1444 …}
  +slug: "The-rights-are-afraid-of-all-the-CoMmUnIsT-mEmEs"
  +title: "The rights are afraid of all the CoMmUnIsT mEmEs"
  +url: "https://sh.itjust.works/pictrs/image/3d261816-7a41-49d6-8708-2aeab7c7bdf8.webp"
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    date: 2023-10-02 07:35:08.0 +02:00
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    date: 2023-10-02 07:35:08.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details