GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/m/science_memes@mander.xyz/t/14486/Speediest-little-fella/comment/150907/favourites

Response
200 OK
IP
3.149.29.120
Profiled on
Token
96c7f9

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators 
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
 0.99 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
 0.06 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#1366
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1378 …}
  +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1856 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#314
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#295 …}
    +name: "science_memes@mander.xyz"
    +title: "science_memes"
    +description: """
      Welcome to c/science_memes @ Mander.xyz!\n
      =========================================\n
      \n
      > A place for majestic STEMLORD peacocking, as well as memes about the realities of working in a lab.\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/139561f5-2f4d-48a6-aef0-65943d6d97d3.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Rules**\n
      \n
      1. Don’t throw mud. Behave like an intellectual and remember the human.\n
      2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
      3. No spam.\n
      4. Infographics welcome, get schooled.\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Research Committee\n
      ------------------\n
      \n
      - [!spiders@lemmy.world](/c/spiders@lemmy.world)\n
      \n
      Other Mander Communities\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      ### Science and Research\n
      \n
      - [!academia@mander.xyz](/c/academia@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!science@mander.xyz](/c/science@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!abiogenesis@mander.xyz](/c/abiogenesis@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!animal-behavior@mander.xyz](/c/animal-behavior@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!arachnology@mander.xyz](/c/arachnology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biology@mander.xyz](/c/biology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biophysics@mander.xyz](/c/biophysics@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!botany@mander.xyz](/c/botany@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!ecology@mander.xyz](/c/ecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!entomology@mander.xyz](/c/entomology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!fermentation@mander.xyz](/c/fermentation@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!herpetology@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!medicine@mander.xyz](/c/medicine@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!microscopy@mander.xyz](/c/microscopy@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!mycology@mander.xyz](/c/mycology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nudibranchs@mander.xyz](/c/nudibranchs@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nutrition@mander.xyz](/c/nutrition@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!photosynthesis@mander.xyz](/c/photosynthesis@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plants@mander.xyz](/c/plants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!reptiles and amphibians@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Physical Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!astronomy@mander.xyz](/c/astronomy@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!chemistry@mander.xyz](/c/chemistry@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nuclear@mander.xyz](/c/nuclear@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!physics@mander.xyz](/c/physics@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!quantum-computing@mander.xyz](/c/qubits@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!spectroscopy@mander.xyz](/c/spectroscopy@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Practical and Applied Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!exercise-and sports-science@mander.xyz](/c/sports_science@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!self sufficiency@mander.xyz](/c/self-sufficiency@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!terrariums@mander.xyz](/c/terrariums@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!timelapse@mander.xyz](/c/timelapse@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Memes\n
      \n
      - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Miscellaneous\n
      \n
      - [!answered@mander.xyz](/c/answered@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!mander@mander.xyz](/c/mander@mander.xyz)
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
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    +entryCommentCount: 7202
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    +postCommentCount: 0
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    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#282 …}
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    -id: 50
    +apId: "science_memes@mander.xyz"
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    +apPublicUrl: "https://mander.xyz/c/science_memes"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://mander.xyz/c/science_memes/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://mander.xyz/inbox"
    +apDomain: "mander.xyz"
    +apPreferredUsername: "science_memes"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
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      date: 2024-10-09 01:20:32.0 +02:00
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    +apDeletedAt: null
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      date: 2023-10-13 09:02:33.0 +02:00
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  }
  +image: null
  +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2356 …}
  +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2476 …}
  +body: """
    I’ll level with you. I know how to use QED to compute the cross section of a scattering reaction. But I do not remember, or perhaps never knew, what the QED theoretic description of classical wave mechanical phenomena like diffraction, reflection, refraction, and dispersion look like.\n
    \n
    Well… actually of those phenomena, I think diffraction is fine. A single waveform will exhibit diffraction. It doesn’t entail any interactions. A single photon can still exhibit a diffraction pattern. It doesn’t mean that the photon has changed directions or circled around or in any way accelerated. The only reason you might think so is that you’re thinking of photons as billiard ball type classical particles, but of course they are not, they are quantum particles with spread out wavefunctions.\n
    \n
    Dispersion I guess is just scattering combined with absorption re-emission (and as we discussed, even scattering is itself a form of absorption & re-emission). But as for reflection and refraction? Those are the phenomena that Entropius was pointing to elsewhere in this thread. I remember how those look in terms of solutions to Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions, but that’s classical wave mechanics. I do not remember how to translate that into the language of QED.\n
    \n
    QED is a fundamental theory, so I assume that a description exists, and of course because I know what QED looks like, so I am certain that it will still be true that in this description, photons will be absorbed & emitted by charged particles, but photons will not interact with photons. However beyond that I cannot say much. How do we describe reflection of light in a mirror as photons scattering off electrons? I don’t know exactly.\n
    \n
    One thing I can say is that generally classical states are modeled in quantum mechanics as coherent states, which are eigenstates of the annihilation operator. They look something like exp(N)|0> where N is the number operator, which means that they are states with a superposition of 0 photons, 1 photons, 2 photons, etc. They don’t have a well defined number of particles. So maybe if you want a QED theoretic description of reflection, you can have it, but you won’t be able to talk about specific numbers of photons. But again, I don’t know the details of this.\n
    \n
    I wonder whether this concept of classical waveforms as coherent states with a superposition of all numbers of particles will help at all with this philosophical debate about whether two photons are the same particle or not, or about whether you can have a universe with only 3 photons
    """
  +lang: "en"
  +isAdult: false
  +favouriteCount: 0
  +score: 0
  +lastActive: DateTime @1700667736 {#1768
    date: 2023-11-22 16:42:16.0 +01:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +tags: null
  +mentions: [
    "@fossilesque@mander.xyz"
    "@ziggurism@lemmy.world"
    "@nooneescapesthelaw@lemmy.ml"
    "@ook_the_librarian@lemmy.world"
  ]
  +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2355 …}
  +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2167 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2424 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2440 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2490 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2409 …}
  -id: 150907
  -bodyTs: "'0':321,338 '1':340 '2':342 '3':440 'abl':375 'absorb':251 'absorpt':139,154 'acceler':96 'actual':49 'annihil':313 'around':91 'assum':219 'ball':113 'beyond':264 'billiard':112 'boundari':191 'cannot':267 'certain':237 'chang':87 'charg':254 'circl':90 'classic':36,115,196,298,399 'coher':306,402 'combin':137 'comput':13 'concept':397 'condit':192 'cours':119,226 'cross':15 'debat':419 'defin':351 'describ':273 'descript':34,222,247,363 'detail':390 'diffract':41,55,63,77 'direct':88 'discuss':146 'dispers':45,131 'doesn':65,80 'eigenst':310 'electron':284 'elsewher':173 'emiss':142,157 'emit':252 'entail':67 'entropius':169 'equat':189 'etc':344 'even':147 'exact':289 'exhibit':62,75 'exist':223 'exp':319 'fine':57 'form':152 'fundament':215 'general':297 'guess':133 'help':413 'howev':263 'interact':69,260 'knew':29 'know':7,229,288,388 'languag':209 'level':3 'light':276 'like':40,47,233,318 'll':2 'look':46,181,232,316 'maxwel':187 'mayb':356 'mean':82,329 'mechan':38,198,304 'might':101 'mirror':279 'model':301 'much':269 'n':320,323 'never':28 'number':326,352,380,409 'one':290 'oper':314,327 'particl':116,126,255,354,411,427 'pattern':78 'perhap':27 'phenomena':39,52,167 'philosoph':418 'photon':72,85,110,248,257,262,281,339,341,343,382,423,441 'point':171 'qed':11,32,211,212,231,361 'quantum':125,303 're':107,141,156 're-emiss':140,155 'reaction':20 'reason':99 'reflect':42,161,274,365 'refract':43,163 'rememb':25,178,202 'say':268,294 'scatter':19,136,148,282 'section':16 'singl':59,71 'solut':185 'someth':317 'specif':379 'spread':128 'state':299,307,333,403 'still':74,241 'superposit':336,406 'talk':377 'term':183 'theoret':33,362 'theori':216 'thing':291 'think':54,102,108 'thread':176 'translat':205 'true':243 'two':422 'type':114 'univers':437 'use':10 'want':359 'wave':37,197 'waveform':60,400 'wavefunct':130 'way':95 'well':48,350 'whether':395,421,432 'won':372 'wonder':394"
  +ranking: 0
  +commentCount: 0
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemmy.world/comment/5502940"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1700667736 {#1945
    date: 2023-11-22 16:42:16.0 +01:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
3 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#1366
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1378 …}
  +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1856 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#314
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#295 …}
    +name: "science_memes@mander.xyz"
    +title: "science_memes"
    +description: """
      Welcome to c/science_memes @ Mander.xyz!\n
      =========================================\n
      \n
      > A place for majestic STEMLORD peacocking, as well as memes about the realities of working in a lab.\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/139561f5-2f4d-48a6-aef0-65943d6d97d3.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Rules**\n
      \n
      1. Don’t throw mud. Behave like an intellectual and remember the human.\n
      2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
      3. No spam.\n
      4. Infographics welcome, get schooled.\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Research Committee\n
      ------------------\n
      \n
      - [!spiders@lemmy.world](/c/spiders@lemmy.world)\n
      \n
      Other Mander Communities\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      ### Science and Research\n
      \n
      - [!academia@mander.xyz](/c/academia@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!science@mander.xyz](/c/science@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!abiogenesis@mander.xyz](/c/abiogenesis@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!animal-behavior@mander.xyz](/c/animal-behavior@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!arachnology@mander.xyz](/c/arachnology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biology@mander.xyz](/c/biology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biophysics@mander.xyz](/c/biophysics@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!botany@mander.xyz](/c/botany@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!ecology@mander.xyz](/c/ecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!entomology@mander.xyz](/c/entomology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!fermentation@mander.xyz](/c/fermentation@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!herpetology@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!medicine@mander.xyz](/c/medicine@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!microscopy@mander.xyz](/c/microscopy@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!mycology@mander.xyz](/c/mycology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nudibranchs@mander.xyz](/c/nudibranchs@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nutrition@mander.xyz](/c/nutrition@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!photosynthesis@mander.xyz](/c/photosynthesis@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plants@mander.xyz](/c/plants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!reptiles and amphibians@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Physical Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!astronomy@mander.xyz](/c/astronomy@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!chemistry@mander.xyz](/c/chemistry@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nuclear@mander.xyz](/c/nuclear@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!physics@mander.xyz](/c/physics@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!quantum-computing@mander.xyz](/c/qubits@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!spectroscopy@mander.xyz](/c/spectroscopy@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Practical and Applied Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!exercise-and sports-science@mander.xyz](/c/sports_science@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!self sufficiency@mander.xyz](/c/self-sufficiency@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!terrariums@mander.xyz](/c/terrariums@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!timelapse@mander.xyz](/c/timelapse@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Memes\n
      \n
      - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Miscellaneous\n
      \n
      - [!answered@mander.xyz](/c/answered@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!mander@mander.xyz](/c/mander@mander.xyz)
      """
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    I’ll level with you. I know how to use QED to compute the cross section of a scattering reaction. But I do not remember, or perhaps never knew, what the QED theoretic description of classical wave mechanical phenomena like diffraction, reflection, refraction, and dispersion look like.\n
    \n
    Well… actually of those phenomena, I think diffraction is fine. A single waveform will exhibit diffraction. It doesn’t entail any interactions. A single photon can still exhibit a diffraction pattern. It doesn’t mean that the photon has changed directions or circled around or in any way accelerated. The only reason you might think so is that you’re thinking of photons as billiard ball type classical particles, but of course they are not, they are quantum particles with spread out wavefunctions.\n
    \n
    Dispersion I guess is just scattering combined with absorption re-emission (and as we discussed, even scattering is itself a form of absorption & re-emission). But as for reflection and refraction? Those are the phenomena that Entropius was pointing to elsewhere in this thread. I remember how those look in terms of solutions to Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions, but that’s classical wave mechanics. I do not remember how to translate that into the language of QED.\n
    \n
    QED is a fundamental theory, so I assume that a description exists, and of course because I know what QED looks like, so I am certain that it will still be true that in this description, photons will be absorbed & emitted by charged particles, but photons will not interact with photons. However beyond that I cannot say much. How do we describe reflection of light in a mirror as photons scattering off electrons? I don’t know exactly.\n
    \n
    One thing I can say is that generally classical states are modeled in quantum mechanics as coherent states, which are eigenstates of the annihilation operator. They look something like exp(N)|0> where N is the number operator, which means that they are states with a superposition of 0 photons, 1 photons, 2 photons, etc. They don’t have a well defined number of particles. So maybe if you want a QED theoretic description of reflection, you can have it, but you won’t be able to talk about specific numbers of photons. But again, I don’t know the details of this.\n
    \n
    I wonder whether this concept of classical waveforms as coherent states with a superposition of all numbers of particles will help at all with this philosophical debate about whether two photons are the same particle or not, or about whether you can have a universe with only 3 photons
    """
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    +name: "science_memes@mander.xyz"
    +title: "science_memes"
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      Welcome to c/science_memes @ Mander.xyz!\n
      =========================================\n
      \n
      > A place for majestic STEMLORD peacocking, as well as memes about the realities of working in a lab.\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/139561f5-2f4d-48a6-aef0-65943d6d97d3.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Rules**\n
      \n
      1. Don’t throw mud. Behave like an intellectual and remember the human.\n
      2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
      3. No spam.\n
      4. Infographics welcome, get schooled.\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Research Committee\n
      ------------------\n
      \n
      - [!spiders@lemmy.world](/c/spiders@lemmy.world)\n
      \n
      Other Mander Communities\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      ### Science and Research\n
      \n
      - [!academia@mander.xyz](/c/academia@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!science@mander.xyz](/c/science@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!abiogenesis@mander.xyz](/c/abiogenesis@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!animal-behavior@mander.xyz](/c/animal-behavior@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!arachnology@mander.xyz](/c/arachnology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biology@mander.xyz](/c/biology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biophysics@mander.xyz](/c/biophysics@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!botany@mander.xyz](/c/botany@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!ecology@mander.xyz](/c/ecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!entomology@mander.xyz](/c/entomology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!fermentation@mander.xyz](/c/fermentation@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!herpetology@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!medicine@mander.xyz](/c/medicine@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!microscopy@mander.xyz](/c/microscopy@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!mycology@mander.xyz](/c/mycology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nudibranchs@mander.xyz](/c/nudibranchs@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nutrition@mander.xyz](/c/nutrition@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!photosynthesis@mander.xyz](/c/photosynthesis@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plants@mander.xyz](/c/plants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!reptiles and amphibians@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Physical Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!astronomy@mander.xyz](/c/astronomy@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!chemistry@mander.xyz](/c/chemistry@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!nuclear@mander.xyz](/c/nuclear@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!physics@mander.xyz](/c/physics@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!quantum-computing@mander.xyz](/c/qubits@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!spectroscopy@mander.xyz](/c/spectroscopy@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Practical and Applied Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!exercise-and sports-science@mander.xyz](/c/sports_science@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!self sufficiency@mander.xyz](/c/self-sufficiency@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!terrariums@mander.xyz](/c/terrariums@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!timelapse@mander.xyz](/c/timelapse@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Memes\n
      \n
      - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Miscellaneous\n
      \n
      - [!answered@mander.xyz](/c/answered@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!mander@mander.xyz](/c/mander@mander.xyz)
      """
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  +body: """
    I’ll level with you. I know how to use QED to compute the cross section of a scattering reaction. But I do not remember, or perhaps never knew, what the QED theoretic description of classical wave mechanical phenomena like diffraction, reflection, refraction, and dispersion look like.\n
    \n
    Well… actually of those phenomena, I think diffraction is fine. A single waveform will exhibit diffraction. It doesn’t entail any interactions. A single photon can still exhibit a diffraction pattern. It doesn’t mean that the photon has changed directions or circled around or in any way accelerated. The only reason you might think so is that you’re thinking of photons as billiard ball type classical particles, but of course they are not, they are quantum particles with spread out wavefunctions.\n
    \n
    Dispersion I guess is just scattering combined with absorption re-emission (and as we discussed, even scattering is itself a form of absorption & re-emission). But as for reflection and refraction? Those are the phenomena that Entropius was pointing to elsewhere in this thread. I remember how those look in terms of solutions to Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions, but that’s classical wave mechanics. I do not remember how to translate that into the language of QED.\n
    \n
    QED is a fundamental theory, so I assume that a description exists, and of course because I know what QED looks like, so I am certain that it will still be true that in this description, photons will be absorbed & emitted by charged particles, but photons will not interact with photons. However beyond that I cannot say much. How do we describe reflection of light in a mirror as photons scattering off electrons? I don’t know exactly.\n
    \n
    One thing I can say is that generally classical states are modeled in quantum mechanics as coherent states, which are eigenstates of the annihilation operator. They look something like exp(N)|0> where N is the number operator, which means that they are states with a superposition of 0 photons, 1 photons, 2 photons, etc. They don’t have a well defined number of particles. So maybe if you want a QED theoretic description of reflection, you can have it, but you won’t be able to talk about specific numbers of photons. But again, I don’t know the details of this.\n
    \n
    I wonder whether this concept of classical waveforms as coherent states with a superposition of all numbers of particles will help at all with this philosophical debate about whether two photons are the same particle or not, or about whether you can have a universe with only 3 photons
    """
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App\Entity\Magazine {#314
  +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#295 …}
  +name: "science_memes@mander.xyz"
  +title: "science_memes"
  +description: """
    Welcome to c/science_memes @ Mander.xyz!\n
    =========================================\n
    \n
    > A place for majestic STEMLORD peacocking, as well as memes about the realities of working in a lab.\n
    \n
    ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/139561f5-2f4d-48a6-aef0-65943d6d97d3.png)\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    **Rules**\n
    \n
    1. Don’t throw mud. Behave like an intellectual and remember the human.\n
    2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
    3. No spam.\n
    4. Infographics welcome, get schooled.\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    Research Committee\n
    ------------------\n
    \n
    - [!spiders@lemmy.world](/c/spiders@lemmy.world)\n
    \n
    Other Mander Communities\n
    ------------------------\n
    \n
    ### Science and Research\n
    \n
    - [!academia@mander.xyz](/c/academia@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!science@mander.xyz](/c/science@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!abiogenesis@mander.xyz](/c/abiogenesis@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!animal-behavior@mander.xyz](/c/animal-behavior@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!arachnology@mander.xyz](/c/arachnology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
    - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!biology@mander.xyz](/c/biology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!biophysics@mander.xyz](/c/biophysics@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!botany@mander.xyz](/c/botany@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!ecology@mander.xyz](/c/ecology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!entomology@mander.xyz](/c/entomology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!fermentation@mander.xyz](/c/fermentation@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!herpetology@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!medicine@mander.xyz](/c/medicine@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!microscopy@mander.xyz](/c/microscopy@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!mycology@mander.xyz](/c/mycology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!nudibranchs@mander.xyz](/c/nudibranchs@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!nutrition@mander.xyz](/c/nutrition@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!photosynthesis@mander.xyz](/c/photosynthesis@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!plants@mander.xyz](/c/plants@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!reptiles and amphibians@mander.xyz](/c/herpetology@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Physical Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!astronomy@mander.xyz](/c/astronomy@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!chemistry@mander.xyz](/c/chemistry@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!nuclear@mander.xyz](/c/nuclear@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!physics@mander.xyz](/c/physics@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!quantum-computing@mander.xyz](/c/qubits@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!spectroscopy@mander.xyz](/c/spectroscopy@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Practical and Applied Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!exercise-and sports-science@mander.xyz](/c/sports_science@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!self sufficiency@mander.xyz](/c/self-sufficiency@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
    - [!terrariums@mander.xyz](/c/terrariums@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!timelapse@mander.xyz](/c/timelapse@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Memes\n
    \n
    - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
    - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Miscellaneous\n
    \n
    - [!answered@mander.xyz](/c/answered@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!mander@mander.xyz](/c/mander@mander.xyz)
    """
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