Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
0.00 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
0.22 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
0.00 ms (none)
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
0.04 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
0.00 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER
null
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
ACCESS DENIED
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate
App\Entity\Entry {#1821
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1885 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#316
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#297 …}
    +name: "archaeology@mander.xyz"
    +title: "archaeology"
    +description: """
      Welcome to c/Archaeology @ Mander.xyz!\n
      ======================================\n
      \n
      #### Shovelbums welcome. 🗿\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/b6df770c-bf61-441e-81ff-475fc3c12a58.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Notice Board**\n
      \n
      *This is a work in progress, please don’t mind the mess.*\n
      \n
      - 2023-06-15: We are [collecting resources](https://mander.xyz/post/706957) for the sidebar!\n
      - 2023-06-13: We are looking for [mods](https://mander.xyz/post/680156). Send a dm to [@fossilesque@mander.xyz](https://mander.xyz/u/fossilesque) if interested!\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **About**\n
      \n
      > Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.\n
      > \n
      > Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.\n
      > \n
      > The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. [Read more…](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology)\n
      \n
      **Rules**\n
      \n
      1. Don’t throw mud. Be kind and remember the human.\n
      2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
      3. No spam.\n
      4. No pseudoscience/pseudoarchaeology.\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/7bae951a-c3ea-4b8f-95cd-057a7d1a3e32.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Links**\n
      \n
      Archaeology 101:\n
      \n
      - [Historic England’s Guides for the Archaeological Sciences](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/archaeological-science/)\n
      \n
      Get Involved:\n
      \n
      - [AIA Societies (USA)](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/societies/find/)\n
      \n
      University and Field Work:\n
      \n
      - [Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/professionals/fieldwork/afob/)\n
      - [University Archaeology (UK)](https://www.universityarchaeology.co.uk/)\n
      - [Black Trowel Collective Microgrants for Students](https://blacktrowelcollective.wordpress.com/)\n
      \n
      Jobs and Career:\n
      \n
      - [Ways into Archaeology](https://www.archaeologyuk.org/ways-into-archaeology.html)\n
      - [Profiling the Profession](https://profilingtheprofession.org.uk/executive-summary/)\n
      - [Shovelbums](https://shovelbums.org/)\n
      \n
      Professional Organisations:\n
      \n
      - [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (UK)](https://archaeologists.net)\n
      - [BAJR (UK)](http://www.bajr.org/)\n
      - [Association for Environmental Archaeology](https://envarch.net/)\n
      - [Archaeology Scotland](https://archaeologyscotland.org.uk/)\n
      - [Historic England](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/find/a-z-publications/)\n
      \n
      FOSS Tools:\n
      \n
      - [Diamond Open Access in Archaeology](https://diamond.open-archaeo.info/)\n
      - [Tools for Quantitative Archaeology – in R](https://github.com/sslarch/tfqar)\n
      - [Open Archaeo](https://open-archaeo.info/): A list of open source archaeological tools and software.\n
      - [The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook](https://o-date.github.io/draft/book/getting-started.html)\n
      \n
      Datasets:\n
      \n
      - [Dutch archaeological repository (Archis III)](https://www.archis.cultureelerfgoed.nl)\n
      - [Archaeology Data Service (UK)](https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/)\n
      \n
      Fun:\n
      \n
      - [Time Team from the BBC](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvmEISc6e4tLwn8TyS14ncw)\n
      \n
      Other Resources:\n
      \n
      - [List of Archaeological Academic Journals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_archaeology_journals)\n
      - [Archaeologists of Mastodon Listing](https://stark1tty.github.io/Mastodon-Archaeology/)\n
      - [Academics on Mastodon](https://nathanlesage.github.io/academics-on-mastodon/)\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/176f5cdc-e7d6-46a3-b742-7c26bcc6c090.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Similar Communities\n
      -------------------\n
      \n
      - [!openscience@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/openscience)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Sister Communities\n
      ------------------\n
      \n
      ### Science and Research\n
      \n
      - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      #### Plants & Gardening\n
      \n
      - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Physical Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
      \n
      ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Memes\n
      \n
      - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Find us on Reddit**\n
      \n
      - [r/enviro_archaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/enviro_archaeology/)\n
      - [r/geoarchaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/geoarchaeology/)\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/e39fc00d-7e3f-4c8d-86b9-a753b7f4578a.png)
      """
    +rules: null
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    +apId: "archaeology@mander.xyz"
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    +apPublicUrl: "https://mander.xyz/c/archaeology"
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    +apPreferredUsername: "archaeology"
    +apDiscoverable: true
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      date: 2024-10-07 10:01:34.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-10-08 18:04:08.0 +02:00
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  }
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1922 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2417 …}
  +slug: "Teeth-unearthed-at-Invercargill-building-site-offer-snapshot-of-Victorian-era"
  +title: "Teeth unearthed at Invercargill building site offer snapshot of Victorian-era NZ - NZ Herald"
  +url: "https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/teeth-unearthed-at-invercargill-building-site-offer-snapshot-of-victorian-era-nz/G4ZKLJ6KPFHVXK2S74MWTONMMM/"
  +body: """
    Hundreds of teeth unearthed at an Invercargill building site have offered researchers a glimpse of life in Victorian-era New Zealand.\n
    \n
    In a new study, Otago University researchers analysed first molars of four individuals found when the Leviathan Gift Depot site - home to Victorian dental practices from 1881 to 1905 - was excavated in 2019.\n
    \n
    The research, just published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology, is the first to study the people themselves from a colonial Aotearoa city centre.\n
    \n
    By applying a range of scientific methods to just a fraction of a single tooth, the researchers were able to determine the sex, diet, social class, and place of residence of the people they were extracted from.\n
    \n
    Study co-author Dr Siân Halcrow, of Otago’s Department of Anatomy, said the teeth were from three males and one female who all grew up in Aotearoa.\n
    \n
    “We found that these dental patients were second or third-generation colonists to Aotearoa, with fairly similar childhood diets, who were potentially lower-class individuals, and either living in, or passing through, the growing colonial centre of Invercargill.”\n
    \n
    While they ate a typical Pākehā or European diet likely consisting of meat, milk, root vegetables, wheat, barley, and oats, only one displayed evidence of being weaned from breastmilk.\n
    \n
    “Invercargill expanded in the late 1800s, due to growth of farming in Southland, and its role as a major port for whaling and sealing,” Halcrow said.\n
    \n
    “Colonists began to flock to the town, so it is not surprising that these individuals migrated to Invercargill from other urban or rural areas in the South Island or lower North Island.\n
    \n
    “Despite the colonial period being a time of major adaptation and social change in Aotearoa, there is little bioarchaeological analysis of life experiences from the time.\n
    \n
    “The work was also unique as most bioarcheological studies rely on the remains of the dead, but these teeth were extracted from living people.”\n
    \n
    Just how so many teeth ended up on the site is an example of how lessons from the past inform present-day issues.\n
    \n
    “The Dee St teeth were extracted from people who went to practitioner dentists – those who were more ‘mechanical’, with a focus on extracting teeth and fitting dentures.”\n
    \n
    These practitioner dentists were cheaper than their professional counterparts who charged more for restorative and preventative care, she said.\n
    \n
    “It could have been those who visited these dentists were from the lower classes, showing how some social groups have less access to preventative dental care and highlighting a dichotomy which still exists today.”
    """
  +type: "link"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 0
  +favouriteCount: 12
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1699255106 {#2445
    date: 2023-11-06 08:18:26.0 +01:00
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  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2420 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1916 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1857 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1950 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1903 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1364 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 10385
  -titleTs: "'build':5 'era':12 'herald':15 'invercargil':4 'nz':13,14 'offer':7 'site':6 'snapshot':8 'teeth':1 'unearth':2 'victorian':11 'victorian-era':10"
  -bodyTs: "'1800s':221 '1881':49 '1905':51 '2019':55 'abl':99 'access':415 'adapt':283 'also':303 'american':62 'analys':30 'analysi':293 'anatomi':130 'anthropolog':66 'aotearoa':78,146,161,288 'appli':82 'area':265 'ate':189 'author':121 'barley':204 'began':243 'bioarchaeolog':292 'bioarcheolog':307 'biolog':65 'breastmilk':215 'build':8 'care':391,419 'centr':80,184 'chang':286 'charg':385 'cheaper':379 'childhood':165 'citi':79 'class':106,172,407 'co':120 'co-author':119 'coloni':77,183,276 'colonist':159,242 'consist':197 'could':395 'counterpart':383 'day':346 'dead':315 'dee':349 'dental':46,151,418 'dentist':360,377,402 'dentur':374 'depart':128 'depot':41 'despit':274 'determin':101 'dichotomi':423 'diet':104,166,195 'display':209 'dr':122 'due':222 'either':175 'end':329 'era':20 'european':194 'evid':210 'exampl':336 'excav':53 'exist':426 'expand':217 'experi':296 'extract':116,320,353,370 'fair':163 'farm':226 'femal':140 'first':31,69 'fit':373 'flock':245 'focus':368 'found':36,148 'four':34 'fraction':91 'generat':158 'gift':40 'glimps':14 'grew':143 'group':412 'grow':182 'growth':224 'halcrow':124,240 'highlight':421 'home':43 'hundr':1 'individu':35,173,256 'inform':343 'invercargil':7,186,216,259 'island':269,273 'issu':347 'journal':63 'late':220 'less':414 'lesson':339 'leviathan':39 'life':16,295 'like':196 'littl':291 'live':176,322 'lower':171,271,406 'lower-class':170 'major':234,282 'male':137 'mani':327 'meat':199 'mechan':365 'method':87 'migrat':257 'milk':200 'molar':32 'new':21,25 'north':272 'oat':206 'offer':11 'one':139,208 'otago':27,126 'pass':179 'past':342 'patient':152 'peopl':73,113,323,355 'period':277 'place':108 'port':235 'potenti':169 'practic':47 'practition':359,376 'present':345 'present-day':344 'prevent':390,417 'profession':382 'publish':59 'pākehā':192 'rang':84 'reli':309 'remain':312 'research':12,29,57,97 'resid':110 'restor':388 'role':231 'root':201 'rural':264 'said':131,241,393 'scientif':86 'seal':239 'second':154 'sex':103 'show':408 'similar':164 'singl':94 'site':9,42,333 'siân':123 'social':105,285,411 'south':268 'southland':228 'st':350 'still':425 'studi':26,71,118,308 'surpris':253 'teeth':3,133,318,328,351,371 'third':157 'third-gener':156 'three':136 'time':280,299 'today':427 'tooth':95 'town':248 'typic':191 'unearth':4 'uniqu':304 'univers':28 'urban':262 'veget':202 'victorian':19,45 'victorian-era':18 'visit':400 'wean':213 'went':357 'whale':237 'wheat':203 'work':301 'zealand':22"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1699282106
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemmy.nz/post/3077034"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1699255106 {#102
    date: 2023-11-06 08:18:26.0 +01:00
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}
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
ACCESS DENIED
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
3 DENIED edit
App\Entity\Entry {#1821
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1885 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#316
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#297 …}
    +name: "archaeology@mander.xyz"
    +title: "archaeology"
    +description: """
      Welcome to c/Archaeology @ Mander.xyz!\n
      ======================================\n
      \n
      #### Shovelbums welcome. 🗿\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/b6df770c-bf61-441e-81ff-475fc3c12a58.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Notice Board**\n
      \n
      *This is a work in progress, please don’t mind the mess.*\n
      \n
      - 2023-06-15: We are [collecting resources](https://mander.xyz/post/706957) for the sidebar!\n
      - 2023-06-13: We are looking for [mods](https://mander.xyz/post/680156). Send a dm to [@fossilesque@mander.xyz](https://mander.xyz/u/fossilesque) if interested!\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **About**\n
      \n
      > Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.\n
      > \n
      > Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.\n
      > \n
      > The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. [Read more…](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology)\n
      \n
      **Rules**\n
      \n
      1. Don’t throw mud. Be kind and remember the human.\n
      2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
      3. No spam.\n
      4. No pseudoscience/pseudoarchaeology.\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/7bae951a-c3ea-4b8f-95cd-057a7d1a3e32.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Links**\n
      \n
      Archaeology 101:\n
      \n
      - [Historic England’s Guides for the Archaeological Sciences](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/archaeological-science/)\n
      \n
      Get Involved:\n
      \n
      - [AIA Societies (USA)](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/societies/find/)\n
      \n
      University and Field Work:\n
      \n
      - [Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/professionals/fieldwork/afob/)\n
      - [University Archaeology (UK)](https://www.universityarchaeology.co.uk/)\n
      - [Black Trowel Collective Microgrants for Students](https://blacktrowelcollective.wordpress.com/)\n
      \n
      Jobs and Career:\n
      \n
      - [Ways into Archaeology](https://www.archaeologyuk.org/ways-into-archaeology.html)\n
      - [Profiling the Profession](https://profilingtheprofession.org.uk/executive-summary/)\n
      - [Shovelbums](https://shovelbums.org/)\n
      \n
      Professional Organisations:\n
      \n
      - [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (UK)](https://archaeologists.net)\n
      - [BAJR (UK)](http://www.bajr.org/)\n
      - [Association for Environmental Archaeology](https://envarch.net/)\n
      - [Archaeology Scotland](https://archaeologyscotland.org.uk/)\n
      - [Historic England](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/find/a-z-publications/)\n
      \n
      FOSS Tools:\n
      \n
      - [Diamond Open Access in Archaeology](https://diamond.open-archaeo.info/)\n
      - [Tools for Quantitative Archaeology – in R](https://github.com/sslarch/tfqar)\n
      - [Open Archaeo](https://open-archaeo.info/): A list of open source archaeological tools and software.\n
      - [The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook](https://o-date.github.io/draft/book/getting-started.html)\n
      \n
      Datasets:\n
      \n
      - [Dutch archaeological repository (Archis III)](https://www.archis.cultureelerfgoed.nl)\n
      - [Archaeology Data Service (UK)](https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/)\n
      \n
      Fun:\n
      \n
      - [Time Team from the BBC](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvmEISc6e4tLwn8TyS14ncw)\n
      \n
      Other Resources:\n
      \n
      - [List of Archaeological Academic Journals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_archaeology_journals)\n
      - [Archaeologists of Mastodon Listing](https://stark1tty.github.io/Mastodon-Archaeology/)\n
      - [Academics on Mastodon](https://nathanlesage.github.io/academics-on-mastodon/)\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/176f5cdc-e7d6-46a3-b742-7c26bcc6c090.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Similar Communities\n
      -------------------\n
      \n
      - [!openscience@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/openscience)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Sister Communities\n
      ------------------\n
      \n
      ### Science and Research\n
      \n
      - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      #### Plants & Gardening\n
      \n
      - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Physical Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
      \n
      ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Memes\n
      \n
      - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Find us on Reddit**\n
      \n
      - [r/enviro_archaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/enviro_archaeology/)\n
      - [r/geoarchaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/geoarchaeology/)\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/e39fc00d-7e3f-4c8d-86b9-a753b7f4578a.png)
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  +slug: "Teeth-unearthed-at-Invercargill-building-site-offer-snapshot-of-Victorian-era"
  +title: "Teeth unearthed at Invercargill building site offer snapshot of Victorian-era NZ - NZ Herald"
  +url: "https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/teeth-unearthed-at-invercargill-building-site-offer-snapshot-of-victorian-era-nz/G4ZKLJ6KPFHVXK2S74MWTONMMM/"
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    Hundreds of teeth unearthed at an Invercargill building site have offered researchers a glimpse of life in Victorian-era New Zealand.\n
    \n
    In a new study, Otago University researchers analysed first molars of four individuals found when the Leviathan Gift Depot site - home to Victorian dental practices from 1881 to 1905 - was excavated in 2019.\n
    \n
    The research, just published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology, is the first to study the people themselves from a colonial Aotearoa city centre.\n
    \n
    By applying a range of scientific methods to just a fraction of a single tooth, the researchers were able to determine the sex, diet, social class, and place of residence of the people they were extracted from.\n
    \n
    Study co-author Dr Siân Halcrow, of Otago’s Department of Anatomy, said the teeth were from three males and one female who all grew up in Aotearoa.\n
    \n
    “We found that these dental patients were second or third-generation colonists to Aotearoa, with fairly similar childhood diets, who were potentially lower-class individuals, and either living in, or passing through, the growing colonial centre of Invercargill.”\n
    \n
    While they ate a typical Pākehā or European diet likely consisting of meat, milk, root vegetables, wheat, barley, and oats, only one displayed evidence of being weaned from breastmilk.\n
    \n
    “Invercargill expanded in the late 1800s, due to growth of farming in Southland, and its role as a major port for whaling and sealing,” Halcrow said.\n
    \n
    “Colonists began to flock to the town, so it is not surprising that these individuals migrated to Invercargill from other urban or rural areas in the South Island or lower North Island.\n
    \n
    “Despite the colonial period being a time of major adaptation and social change in Aotearoa, there is little bioarchaeological analysis of life experiences from the time.\n
    \n
    “The work was also unique as most bioarcheological studies rely on the remains of the dead, but these teeth were extracted from living people.”\n
    \n
    Just how so many teeth ended up on the site is an example of how lessons from the past inform present-day issues.\n
    \n
    “The Dee St teeth were extracted from people who went to practitioner dentists – those who were more ‘mechanical’, with a focus on extracting teeth and fitting dentures.”\n
    \n
    These practitioner dentists were cheaper than their professional counterparts who charged more for restorative and preventative care, she said.\n
    \n
    “It could have been those who visited these dentists were from the lower classes, showing how some social groups have less access to preventative dental care and highlighting a dichotomy which still exists today.”
    """
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    +title: "archaeology"
    +description: """
      Welcome to c/Archaeology @ Mander.xyz!\n
      ======================================\n
      \n
      #### Shovelbums welcome. 🗿\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/b6df770c-bf61-441e-81ff-475fc3c12a58.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Notice Board**\n
      \n
      *This is a work in progress, please don’t mind the mess.*\n
      \n
      - 2023-06-15: We are [collecting resources](https://mander.xyz/post/706957) for the sidebar!\n
      - 2023-06-13: We are looking for [mods](https://mander.xyz/post/680156). Send a dm to [@fossilesque@mander.xyz](https://mander.xyz/u/fossilesque) if interested!\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **About**\n
      \n
      > Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.\n
      > \n
      > Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.\n
      > \n
      > The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. [Read more…](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology)\n
      \n
      **Rules**\n
      \n
      1. Don’t throw mud. Be kind and remember the human.\n
      2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
      3. No spam.\n
      4. No pseudoscience/pseudoarchaeology.\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/7bae951a-c3ea-4b8f-95cd-057a7d1a3e32.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Links**\n
      \n
      Archaeology 101:\n
      \n
      - [Historic England’s Guides for the Archaeological Sciences](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/archaeological-science/)\n
      \n
      Get Involved:\n
      \n
      - [AIA Societies (USA)](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/societies/find/)\n
      \n
      University and Field Work:\n
      \n
      - [Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/professionals/fieldwork/afob/)\n
      - [University Archaeology (UK)](https://www.universityarchaeology.co.uk/)\n
      - [Black Trowel Collective Microgrants for Students](https://blacktrowelcollective.wordpress.com/)\n
      \n
      Jobs and Career:\n
      \n
      - [Ways into Archaeology](https://www.archaeologyuk.org/ways-into-archaeology.html)\n
      - [Profiling the Profession](https://profilingtheprofession.org.uk/executive-summary/)\n
      - [Shovelbums](https://shovelbums.org/)\n
      \n
      Professional Organisations:\n
      \n
      - [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (UK)](https://archaeologists.net)\n
      - [BAJR (UK)](http://www.bajr.org/)\n
      - [Association for Environmental Archaeology](https://envarch.net/)\n
      - [Archaeology Scotland](https://archaeologyscotland.org.uk/)\n
      - [Historic England](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/find/a-z-publications/)\n
      \n
      FOSS Tools:\n
      \n
      - [Diamond Open Access in Archaeology](https://diamond.open-archaeo.info/)\n
      - [Tools for Quantitative Archaeology – in R](https://github.com/sslarch/tfqar)\n
      - [Open Archaeo](https://open-archaeo.info/): A list of open source archaeological tools and software.\n
      - [The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook](https://o-date.github.io/draft/book/getting-started.html)\n
      \n
      Datasets:\n
      \n
      - [Dutch archaeological repository (Archis III)](https://www.archis.cultureelerfgoed.nl)\n
      - [Archaeology Data Service (UK)](https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/)\n
      \n
      Fun:\n
      \n
      - [Time Team from the BBC](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvmEISc6e4tLwn8TyS14ncw)\n
      \n
      Other Resources:\n
      \n
      - [List of Archaeological Academic Journals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_archaeology_journals)\n
      - [Archaeologists of Mastodon Listing](https://stark1tty.github.io/Mastodon-Archaeology/)\n
      - [Academics on Mastodon](https://nathanlesage.github.io/academics-on-mastodon/)\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/176f5cdc-e7d6-46a3-b742-7c26bcc6c090.png)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Similar Communities\n
      -------------------\n
      \n
      - [!openscience@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/openscience)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      Sister Communities\n
      ------------------\n
      \n
      ### Science and Research\n
      \n
      - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      #### Plants & Gardening\n
      \n
      - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Physical Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
      \n
      ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
      \n
      - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
      - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ### Memes\n
      \n
      - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
      - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
      \n
      ---\n
      \n
      **Find us on Reddit**\n
      \n
      - [r/enviro_archaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/enviro_archaeology/)\n
      - [r/geoarchaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/geoarchaeology/)\n
      \n
      ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/e39fc00d-7e3f-4c8d-86b9-a753b7f4578a.png)
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  +slug: "Teeth-unearthed-at-Invercargill-building-site-offer-snapshot-of-Victorian-era"
  +title: "Teeth unearthed at Invercargill building site offer snapshot of Victorian-era NZ - NZ Herald"
  +url: "https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/teeth-unearthed-at-invercargill-building-site-offer-snapshot-of-victorian-era-nz/G4ZKLJ6KPFHVXK2S74MWTONMMM/"
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    Hundreds of teeth unearthed at an Invercargill building site have offered researchers a glimpse of life in Victorian-era New Zealand.\n
    \n
    In a new study, Otago University researchers analysed first molars of four individuals found when the Leviathan Gift Depot site - home to Victorian dental practices from 1881 to 1905 - was excavated in 2019.\n
    \n
    The research, just published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology, is the first to study the people themselves from a colonial Aotearoa city centre.\n
    \n
    By applying a range of scientific methods to just a fraction of a single tooth, the researchers were able to determine the sex, diet, social class, and place of residence of the people they were extracted from.\n
    \n
    Study co-author Dr Siân Halcrow, of Otago’s Department of Anatomy, said the teeth were from three males and one female who all grew up in Aotearoa.\n
    \n
    “We found that these dental patients were second or third-generation colonists to Aotearoa, with fairly similar childhood diets, who were potentially lower-class individuals, and either living in, or passing through, the growing colonial centre of Invercargill.”\n
    \n
    While they ate a typical Pākehā or European diet likely consisting of meat, milk, root vegetables, wheat, barley, and oats, only one displayed evidence of being weaned from breastmilk.\n
    \n
    “Invercargill expanded in the late 1800s, due to growth of farming in Southland, and its role as a major port for whaling and sealing,” Halcrow said.\n
    \n
    “Colonists began to flock to the town, so it is not surprising that these individuals migrated to Invercargill from other urban or rural areas in the South Island or lower North Island.\n
    \n
    “Despite the colonial period being a time of major adaptation and social change in Aotearoa, there is little bioarchaeological analysis of life experiences from the time.\n
    \n
    “The work was also unique as most bioarcheological studies rely on the remains of the dead, but these teeth were extracted from living people.”\n
    \n
    Just how so many teeth ended up on the site is an example of how lessons from the past inform present-day issues.\n
    \n
    “The Dee St teeth were extracted from people who went to practitioner dentists – those who were more ‘mechanical’, with a focus on extracting teeth and fitting dentures.”\n
    \n
    These practitioner dentists were cheaper than their professional counterparts who charged more for restorative and preventative care, she said.\n
    \n
    “It could have been those who visited these dentists were from the lower classes, showing how some social groups have less access to preventative dental care and highlighting a dichotomy which still exists today.”
    """
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App\Entity\Magazine {#316
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  +name: "archaeology@mander.xyz"
  +title: "archaeology"
  +description: """
    Welcome to c/Archaeology @ Mander.xyz!\n
    ======================================\n
    \n
    #### Shovelbums welcome. 🗿\n
    \n
    ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/b6df770c-bf61-441e-81ff-475fc3c12a58.png)\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    **Notice Board**\n
    \n
    *This is a work in progress, please don’t mind the mess.*\n
    \n
    - 2023-06-15: We are [collecting resources](https://mander.xyz/post/706957) for the sidebar!\n
    - 2023-06-13: We are looking for [mods](https://mander.xyz/post/680156). Send a dm to [@fossilesque@mander.xyz](https://mander.xyz/u/fossilesque) if interested!\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    **About**\n
    \n
    > Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.\n
    > \n
    > Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.\n
    > \n
    > The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. [Read more…](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology)\n
    \n
    **Rules**\n
    \n
    1. Don’t throw mud. Be kind and remember the human.\n
    2. Keep it rooted (on topic).\n
    3. No spam.\n
    4. No pseudoscience/pseudoarchaeology.\n
    \n
    ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/7bae951a-c3ea-4b8f-95cd-057a7d1a3e32.png)\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    **Links**\n
    \n
    Archaeology 101:\n
    \n
    - [Historic England’s Guides for the Archaeological Sciences](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/archaeological-science/)\n
    \n
    Get Involved:\n
    \n
    - [AIA Societies (USA)](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/societies/find/)\n
    \n
    University and Field Work:\n
    \n
    - [Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin](https://www.archaeological.org/programs/professionals/fieldwork/afob/)\n
    - [University Archaeology (UK)](https://www.universityarchaeology.co.uk/)\n
    - [Black Trowel Collective Microgrants for Students](https://blacktrowelcollective.wordpress.com/)\n
    \n
    Jobs and Career:\n
    \n
    - [Ways into Archaeology](https://www.archaeologyuk.org/ways-into-archaeology.html)\n
    - [Profiling the Profession](https://profilingtheprofession.org.uk/executive-summary/)\n
    - [Shovelbums](https://shovelbums.org/)\n
    \n
    Professional Organisations:\n
    \n
    - [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (UK)](https://archaeologists.net)\n
    - [BAJR (UK)](http://www.bajr.org/)\n
    - [Association for Environmental Archaeology](https://envarch.net/)\n
    - [Archaeology Scotland](https://archaeologyscotland.org.uk/)\n
    - [Historic England](https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/find/a-z-publications/)\n
    \n
    FOSS Tools:\n
    \n
    - [Diamond Open Access in Archaeology](https://diamond.open-archaeo.info/)\n
    - [Tools for Quantitative Archaeology – in R](https://github.com/sslarch/tfqar)\n
    - [Open Archaeo](https://open-archaeo.info/): A list of open source archaeological tools and software.\n
    - [The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook](https://o-date.github.io/draft/book/getting-started.html)\n
    \n
    Datasets:\n
    \n
    - [Dutch archaeological repository (Archis III)](https://www.archis.cultureelerfgoed.nl)\n
    - [Archaeology Data Service (UK)](https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/)\n
    \n
    Fun:\n
    \n
    - [Time Team from the BBC](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvmEISc6e4tLwn8TyS14ncw)\n
    \n
    Other Resources:\n
    \n
    - [List of Archaeological Academic Journals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_archaeology_journals)\n
    - [Archaeologists of Mastodon Listing](https://stark1tty.github.io/Mastodon-Archaeology/)\n
    - [Academics on Mastodon](https://nathanlesage.github.io/academics-on-mastodon/)\n
    \n
    ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/176f5cdc-e7d6-46a3-b742-7c26bcc6c090.png)\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    Similar Communities\n
    -------------------\n
    \n
    - [!openscience@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/openscience)\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    Sister Communities\n
    ------------------\n
    \n
    ### Science and Research\n
    \n
    - [!scicomm@mander.xyz](/c/scicomm@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Biology and Life Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!anthropology@mander.xyz](/c/anthropology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!biodiversity@mander.xyz](/c/biodiversity@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!palaeoecology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeoecology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!palaeontology@mander.xyz](/c/palaeontology@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    #### Plants & Gardening\n
    \n
    - [!balconygardening@slrpnk.net](/c/balconygardening@slrpnk.net)\n
    - [!gardening@mander.xyz](/c/gardening@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!houseplants@mander.xyz](/c/houseplants@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!plantid@mander.xyz](/c/plantid@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Physical Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!earthscience@mander.xyz](/c/earthscience@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!geography@mander.xyz](/c/geography@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!geospatial@mander.xyz](/c/geospatial@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!soilscience@slrpnk.net](/c/soilscience@slrpnk.net)\n
    \n
    ### Humanities and Social Sciences\n
    \n
    - [!archaeology@mander.xyz](/c/archaeology@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!folklore@mander.xyz](/c/folklore@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!history@mander.xyz](/c/history@mander.xyz)\n
    - [!old_maps@mander.xyz](/c/old_maps@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ### Memes\n
    \n
    - [!bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net](/c/bushrat_confidential@slrpnk.net)\n
    - [!science_memes@mander.xyz](/c/science_memes@mander.xyz)\n
    \n
    ---\n
    \n
    **Find us on Reddit**\n
    \n
    - [r/enviro_archaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/enviro_archaeology/)\n
    - [r/geoarchaeology](https://www.reddit.com/r/geoarchaeology/)\n
    \n
    ![](https://mander.xyz/pictrs/image/e39fc00d-7e3f-4c8d-86b9-a753b7f4578a.png)
    """
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