GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/index.php/m/linux@lemmy.ml/t/16258/Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.34
Profiled on
Token
3d096c

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators 
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
 1.97 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
 0.05 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2413
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  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264
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      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
      \n
      Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
      \n
      Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
      \n
      ### Rules\n
      \n
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      ### Related Communities\n
      \n
      - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
      - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
      - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
      - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
      \n
      Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
      """
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    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#236 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#221 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#179 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#137 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#199 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#116 …}
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    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#80 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#70 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1360 …}
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      date: 2023-11-02 13:51:08.0 +01:00
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  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1899 …}
  +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
  +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
    \n
    The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
    \n
    Preamble\n
    ========\n
    \n
    Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
    -------------------------------------\n
    \n
    Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
    \n
    Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
    \n
    Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
    ----------------------------------------\n
    \n
    Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
    \n
    What are the best resources out there?\n
    --------------------------------------\n
    \n
    [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
    \n
    Okay, now to the most important questions\n
    \n
    Which distro should I use?\n
    ==========================\n
    \n
    There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
    \n
    Beginner distros\n
    ----------------\n
    \n
    These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
    \n
    - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
    - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
    - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
    - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
    \n
    Advanced distros\n
    ----------------\n
    \n
    So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
    \n
    - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
    - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
    \n
    Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
    =======================================\n
    \n
    This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
    \n
    - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
    - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
    - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
    - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
    \n
    Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
    ============================================================================================\n
    \n
    You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
    \n
    Shoud I learn the command line?\n
    -------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
    \n
    I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
    ------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
    -----------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
    \n
    Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
    ------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
    --------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
    \n
    Should I follow The Way?\n
    ------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
    \n
    Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
    """
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 86
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  +score: 0
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      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
      \n
      Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
      \n
      Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
      \n
      ### Rules\n
      \n
      - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
      - No misinformation\n
      - No NSFW content\n
      - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
      \n
      ### Related Communities\n
      \n
      - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
      - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
      - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
      - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
      \n
      Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
      """
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  +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
  +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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  +body: """
    You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
    \n
    The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
    \n
    Preamble\n
    ========\n
    \n
    Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
    -------------------------------------\n
    \n
    Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
    \n
    Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
    \n
    Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
    ----------------------------------------\n
    \n
    Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
    \n
    What are the best resources out there?\n
    --------------------------------------\n
    \n
    [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
    \n
    Okay, now to the most important questions\n
    \n
    Which distro should I use?\n
    ==========================\n
    \n
    There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
    \n
    Beginner distros\n
    ----------------\n
    \n
    These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
    \n
    - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
    - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
    - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
    - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
    \n
    Advanced distros\n
    ----------------\n
    \n
    So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
    \n
    - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
    - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
    \n
    Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
    =======================================\n
    \n
    This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
    \n
    - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
    - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
    - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
    - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
    \n
    Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
    ============================================================================================\n
    \n
    You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
    \n
    Shoud I learn the command line?\n
    -------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
    \n
    I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
    ------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
    -----------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
    \n
    Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
    ------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
    --------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
    \n
    Should I follow The Way?\n
    ------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
    \n
    Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
    """
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      From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
      \n
      Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
      \n
      Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
      \n
      ### Rules\n
      \n
      - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
      - No misinformation\n
      - No NSFW content\n
      - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
      \n
      ### Related Communities\n
      \n
      - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
      - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
      - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
      - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
      \n
      Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
      """
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  +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
  +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
    \n
    The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
    \n
    Preamble\n
    ========\n
    \n
    Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
    -------------------------------------\n
    \n
    Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
    \n
    Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
    \n
    Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
    ----------------------------------------\n
    \n
    Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
    \n
    What are the best resources out there?\n
    --------------------------------------\n
    \n
    [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
    \n
    Okay, now to the most important questions\n
    \n
    Which distro should I use?\n
    ==========================\n
    \n
    There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
    \n
    Beginner distros\n
    ----------------\n
    \n
    These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
    \n
    - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
    - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
    - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
    - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
    \n
    Advanced distros\n
    ----------------\n
    \n
    So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
    \n
    - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
    - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
    \n
    Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
    =======================================\n
    \n
    This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
    \n
    - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
    - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
    - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
    - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
    \n
    Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
    ============================================================================================\n
    \n
    You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
    \n
    Shoud I learn the command line?\n
    -------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
    \n
    I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
    ------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
    -----------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
    \n
    Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
    ------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
    \n
    Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
    --------------------------------------------------\n
    \n
    **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
    \n
    Should I follow The Way?\n
    ------------------------\n
    \n
    **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
    \n
    Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    I use KDE Neon, but highly recommend Linux Mint for new users. I’m not in the computer industry, yet I have tried a lot of distros over the past ~15 years. Out of all of them, Linux Mint had the easiest setup by far. The drivers worked without difficulty, the installation was intuitive, the Timeshift app helped me undo any problems I created while tweaking the system, and [forums.linuxmint.com](https://forums.linuxmint.com/) is quite helpful. Compare this with KDE Neon, that had me using a second computer for hours to figure out how to get my specific wifi card drivers working. Now that I have had enough time to learn about Linux and troubleshooting, I prefer KDE Neon for the desktop environment, but Linux Mint really is so easy. Again, I highly recommend it.\n
    \n
    Thanks for the write up, OP!
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    I use KDE Neon, but highly recommend Linux Mint for new users. I’m not in the computer industry, yet I have tried a lot of distros over the past ~15 years. Out of all of them, Linux Mint had the easiest setup by far. The drivers worked without difficulty, the installation was intuitive, the Timeshift app helped me undo any problems I created while tweaking the system, and [forums.linuxmint.com](https://forums.linuxmint.com/) is quite helpful. Compare this with KDE Neon, that had me using a second computer for hours to figure out how to get my specific wifi card drivers working. Now that I have had enough time to learn about Linux and troubleshooting, I prefer KDE Neon for the desktop environment, but Linux Mint really is so easy. Again, I highly recommend it.\n
    \n
    Thanks for the write up, OP!
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    I use KDE Neon, but highly recommend Linux Mint for new users. I’m not in the computer industry, yet I have tried a lot of distros over the past ~15 years. Out of all of them, Linux Mint had the easiest setup by far. The drivers worked without difficulty, the installation was intuitive, the Timeshift app helped me undo any problems I created while tweaking the system, and [forums.linuxmint.com](https://forums.linuxmint.com/) is quite helpful. Compare this with KDE Neon, that had me using a second computer for hours to figure out how to get my specific wifi card drivers working. Now that I have had enough time to learn about Linux and troubleshooting, I prefer KDE Neon for the desktop environment, but Linux Mint really is so easy. Again, I highly recommend it.\n
    \n
    Thanks for the write up, OP!
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    > What are the best resources out there? Arch Wiki without a doubt\n
    \n
    Doubt! The Gentoo Handbook is one of the best, if not the best documentation out there. It’s especially useful for beginners because it doesn’t just offer code snippets to copy/paste, but explains background knowledge and how things work.
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    > What are the best resources out there? Arch Wiki without a doubt\n
    \n
    Doubt! The Gentoo Handbook is one of the best, if not the best documentation out there. It’s especially useful for beginners because it doesn’t just offer code snippets to copy/paste, but explains background knowledge and how things work.
    """
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      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    > What are the best resources out there? Arch Wiki without a doubt\n
    \n
    Doubt! The Gentoo Handbook is one of the best, if not the best documentation out there. It’s especially useful for beginners because it doesn’t just offer code snippets to copy/paste, but explains background knowledge and how things work.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +image: null
  +parent: null
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  +body: "I love how this expansive, barely-biased summary - which is WAY above-bar, to be clear - is followed up by everyone’s “this is my favourite distro and you should run it too” even if it’s completely badly-matched."
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      +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "I love how this expansive, barely-biased summary - which is WAY above-bar, to be clear - is followed up by everyone’s “this is my favourite distro and you should run it too” even if it’s completely badly-matched."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "I love how this expansive, barely-biased summary - which is WAY above-bar, to be clear - is followed up by everyone’s “this is my favourite distro and you should run it too” even if it’s completely badly-matched."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +cross: false
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    +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1701487037 {#1858
      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
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  +body: """
    Mint Cinnamon user praising it in the comments, on the case!\n
    \n
    I switched to Linux in the earlier days of Windows 8.1. Mint was the second distro I tried out after Ubuntu Unity, and it’s still my daily driver ten years later. Cinnamon felt more familiar to me An XP-Vista-7 veteran, than Win 8.1 and 10. Mint feels like someone sat down and designed the whole thing, rather than slapping layer after layer of new crap on top of the same code from the late 90’s.\n
    \n
    Out of the box Mint is very usable, the customization I do to it is stuff like change the wallpaper and default color scheme.\n
    \n
    The Cinnamon team just gets me. They make software for people like me.
    """
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    +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264
      +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    Mint Cinnamon user praising it in the comments, on the case!\n
    \n
    I switched to Linux in the earlier days of Windows 8.1. Mint was the second distro I tried out after Ubuntu Unity, and it’s still my daily driver ten years later. Cinnamon felt more familiar to me An XP-Vista-7 veteran, than Win 8.1 and 10. Mint feels like someone sat down and designed the whole thing, rather than slapping layer after layer of new crap on top of the same code from the late 90’s.\n
    \n
    Out of the box Mint is very usable, the customization I do to it is stuff like change the wallpaper and default color scheme.\n
    \n
    The Cinnamon team just gets me. They make software for people like me.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
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        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    Mint Cinnamon user praising it in the comments, on the case!\n
    \n
    I switched to Linux in the earlier days of Windows 8.1. Mint was the second distro I tried out after Ubuntu Unity, and it’s still my daily driver ten years later. Cinnamon felt more familiar to me An XP-Vista-7 veteran, than Win 8.1 and 10. Mint feels like someone sat down and designed the whole thing, rather than slapping layer after layer of new crap on top of the same code from the late 90’s.\n
    \n
    Out of the box Mint is very usable, the customization I do to it is stuff like change the wallpaper and default color scheme.\n
    \n
    The Cinnamon team just gets me. They make software for people like me.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "What about Zorin OS? I find it really simple to use, plus it has a built in wine thing for running non-linux files."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +image: null
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  +body: "What about Zorin OS? I find it really simple to use, plus it has a built in wine thing for running non-linux files."
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "What about Zorin OS? I find it really simple to use, plus it has a built in wine thing for running non-linux files."
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      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "Kubuntu. Easy as that."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +body: "Kubuntu. Easy as that."
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  +body: "Alternatively, if you want a similar experience but with the latest Plasma version and less bloat, go with KDE Neon."
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "Alternatively, if you want a similar experience but with the latest Plasma version and less bloat, go with KDE Neon."
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        \n
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        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "Alternatively, if you want a similar experience but with the latest Plasma version and less bloat, go with KDE Neon."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
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        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +body: """
    Sorry, but this guide is all over the place.\n
    \n
    You mention Arch before other distros and never even explain what a distros is (e.g. ‘a flavor of Linux with a choice of preinstalled software’).\n
    \n
    Then you say that it’s a beginners and not an advanced tutorial, but mention advanced distros.\n
    \n
    Also your reasons for the beginner distros are not well written:\n
    \n
    1. Fedora mentions "rightful backlash against the company"\n
    2. Linux Mint "I haven’t used"\n
    3. Pop OS “shares some issues”\n
    \n
    Why take one of them? They all sound difficult or weird. (to a newby reader)\n
    \n
    Then the part about Ubuntu and Manjaro which is longer than the 3 distros you recommend. This has major “Linux fanboy bashing other Linux fanboys” vibes.\n
    \n
    The rest I really liked, maybe replace “this era” with “its era”.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +cross: false
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +image: null
  +parent: null
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  +body: """
    Sorry, but this guide is all over the place.\n
    \n
    You mention Arch before other distros and never even explain what a distros is (e.g. ‘a flavor of Linux with a choice of preinstalled software’).\n
    \n
    Then you say that it’s a beginners and not an advanced tutorial, but mention advanced distros.\n
    \n
    Also your reasons for the beginner distros are not well written:\n
    \n
    1. Fedora mentions "rightful backlash against the company"\n
    2. Linux Mint "I haven’t used"\n
    3. Pop OS “shares some issues”\n
    \n
    Why take one of them? They all sound difficult or weird. (to a newby reader)\n
    \n
    Then the part about Ubuntu and Manjaro which is longer than the 3 distros you recommend. This has major “Linux fanboy bashing other Linux fanboys” vibes.\n
    \n
    The rest I really liked, maybe replace “this era” with “its era”.
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +image: null
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    Sorry, but this guide is all over the place.\n
    \n
    You mention Arch before other distros and never even explain what a distros is (e.g. ‘a flavor of Linux with a choice of preinstalled software’).\n
    \n
    Then you say that it’s a beginners and not an advanced tutorial, but mention advanced distros.\n
    \n
    Also your reasons for the beginner distros are not well written:\n
    \n
    1. Fedora mentions "rightful backlash against the company"\n
    2. Linux Mint "I haven’t used"\n
    3. Pop OS “shares some issues”\n
    \n
    Why take one of them? They all sound difficult or weird. (to a newby reader)\n
    \n
    Then the part about Ubuntu and Manjaro which is longer than the 3 distros you recommend. This has major “Linux fanboy bashing other Linux fanboys” vibes.\n
    \n
    The rest I really liked, maybe replace “this era” with “its era”.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +image: null
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  +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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  +body: "I cannot agree more. I put my grandfather on Linux Mint and he got up and running in minutes. He said it reminded him of Windows XP."
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47 DENIED edit 
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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  +body: "I cannot agree more. I put my grandfather on Linux Mint and he got up and running in minutes. He said it reminded him of Windows XP."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#2413}
    +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
    +image: null
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    +root: null
    +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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    -id: 161404
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  +body: "I cannot agree more. I put my grandfather on Linux Mint and he got up and running in minutes. He said it reminded him of Windows XP."
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1899 …}
    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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    +body: "I cannot agree more. I put my grandfather on Linux Mint and he got up and running in minutes. He said it reminded him of Windows XP."
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  +body: """
    Did something similar with my aunt. She bought this laptop that had Windows 10 installed on a hard disk. Right click the Start menu to open the Properties dialog, go make a sandwich, you’ll have half the sandwich eaten before the right click menu opens.\n
    \n
    I added a SATA SSD and a stick of RAM, and a copy of Mint Cinnamon. She took right to it, especially when I showed her how the software manager worked and that it’s very similar to the Play Store on her Samsung tablet.\n
    \n
    Reminded her a lot of the WinXP and Win7 desktops she used to have.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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      +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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        date: 2023-11-25 07:04:36.0 +01:00
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    +body: "I cannot agree more. I put my grandfather on Linux Mint and he got up and running in minutes. He said it reminded him of Windows XP."
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  +body: """
    Did something similar with my aunt. She bought this laptop that had Windows 10 installed on a hard disk. Right click the Start menu to open the Properties dialog, go make a sandwich, you’ll have half the sandwich eaten before the right click menu opens.\n
    \n
    I added a SATA SSD and a stick of RAM, and a copy of Mint Cinnamon. She took right to it, especially when I showed her how the software manager worked and that it’s very similar to the Play Store on her Samsung tablet.\n
    \n
    Reminded her a lot of the WinXP and Win7 desktops she used to have.
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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      +body: "I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured"
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      -bodyTs: "'abl':39 'bit':33 'cinnamon':5 'come':8 'command':46 'comparison':23 'even':34 'explor':29 'feel':15 'file':55 'line':47 'littl':32 'mint':4 'os':53 'perfect':22 'recommend':3 'requir':26 'run':41 'similar':16 'strong':2 'structur':58 'system':56 'thing':30,43 'though':17 'window':10 'without':44 'work':13 'worri':49"
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        date: 2023-11-25 07:04:36.0 +01:00
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    +body: "I cannot agree more. I put my grandfather on Linux Mint and he got up and running in minutes. He said it reminded him of Windows XP."
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  +body: """
    Did something similar with my aunt. She bought this laptop that had Windows 10 installed on a hard disk. Right click the Start menu to open the Properties dialog, go make a sandwich, you’ll have half the sandwich eaten before the right click menu opens.\n
    \n
    I added a SATA SSD and a stick of RAM, and a copy of Mint Cinnamon. She took right to it, especially when I showed her how the software manager worked and that it’s very similar to the Play Store on her Samsung tablet.\n
    \n
    Reminded her a lot of the WinXP and Win7 desktops she used to have.
    """
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}
 
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54 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#4968
  +user: App\Entity\User {#4981 …}
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    +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1973 …}
    +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264
      +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
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        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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  +body: """
    I use Ubuntu as a noob coming from MacOS, and everything is going just fine. I am loving the Linux experience.\n
    \n
    In my opinion, knowing how to work with the terminal is important and being confident with it as well.\n
    \n
    Also, there is a lot of youtube videos and channels of very helpful people.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +body: """
    I use Ubuntu as a noob coming from MacOS, and everything is going just fine. I am loving the Linux experience.\n
    \n
    In my opinion, knowing how to work with the terminal is important and being confident with it as well.\n
    \n
    Also, there is a lot of youtube videos and channels of very helpful people.
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +cross: false
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  +body: """
    I use Ubuntu as a noob coming from MacOS, and everything is going just fine. I am loving the Linux experience.\n
    \n
    In my opinion, knowing how to work with the terminal is important and being confident with it as well.\n
    \n
    Also, there is a lot of youtube videos and channels of very helpful people.
    """
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      +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1701487037 {#1858
      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +body: """
    This is a great resource and post! I feel bad for commenting already but I can’t help it.\n
    \n
    **OpenSuse** is missing and, this is of course personal opinion, but I think Debian is a great distro for beginners.\n
    \n
    Also OpenSuse can be great for beginners. Though not as much as Debian.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
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        \n
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        \n
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
    +cross: false
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    +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1701487037 {#1858
      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +body: """
    This is a great resource and post! I feel bad for commenting already but I can’t help it.\n
    \n
    **OpenSuse** is missing and, this is of course personal opinion, but I think Debian is a great distro for beginners.\n
    \n
    Also OpenSuse can be great for beginners. Though not as much as Debian.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
    +cross: false
    +upVotes: 0
    +downVotes: 0
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    +apId: "https://lemm.ee/post/15895051"
    +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1701487037 {#1858
      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1700828113 {#2388
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  +image: null
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  +body: """
    This is a great resource and post! I feel bad for commenting already but I can’t help it.\n
    \n
    **OpenSuse** is missing and, this is of course personal opinion, but I think Debian is a great distro for beginners.\n
    \n
    Also OpenSuse can be great for beginners. Though not as much as Debian.
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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  +body: """
    On the matter of Ubuntu I think the issues with the OS need to be clarified. From the positive perspective, it is easy to use and just works. From the negative side, it’s become more and more bespoke over time. The Snaps being proprietary and a lot of work in the terminal to activate functions enjoyed out-of-the-box by almost all other distros is very unfriendly. And, I would suggest there are numerous other distros that “just work” but without Ubuntu’s baggage. Mint, Pop_OS!, and Fedora are all easy to install, setup, and use. Even KDE’s Neon is dirt simple to install and use and offers a great KDE experience, if you like that.\n
    \n
    That said, however, I believe that Mint is the best distro for new users, though Fedora and Pop are close behind.
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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        date: 2023-11-02 13:51:08.0 +01:00
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    +image: null
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1899 …}
    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    On the matter of Ubuntu I think the issues with the OS need to be clarified. From the positive perspective, it is easy to use and just works. From the negative side, it’s become more and more bespoke over time. The Snaps being proprietary and a lot of work in the terminal to activate functions enjoyed out-of-the-box by almost all other distros is very unfriendly. And, I would suggest there are numerous other distros that “just work” but without Ubuntu’s baggage. Mint, Pop_OS!, and Fedora are all easy to install, setup, and use. Even KDE’s Neon is dirt simple to install and use and offers a great KDE experience, if you like that.\n
    \n
    That said, however, I believe that Mint is the best distro for new users, though Fedora and Pop are close behind.
    """
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      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    On the matter of Ubuntu I think the issues with the OS need to be clarified. From the positive perspective, it is easy to use and just works. From the negative side, it’s become more and more bespoke over time. The Snaps being proprietary and a lot of work in the terminal to activate functions enjoyed out-of-the-box by almost all other distros is very unfriendly. And, I would suggest there are numerous other distros that “just work” but without Ubuntu’s baggage. Mint, Pop_OS!, and Fedora are all easy to install, setup, and use. Even KDE’s Neon is dirt simple to install and use and offers a great KDE experience, if you like that.\n
    \n
    That said, however, I believe that Mint is the best distro for new users, though Fedora and Pop are close behind.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      On the matter of Ubuntu I think the issues with the OS need to be clarified. From the positive perspective, it is easy to use and just works. From the negative side, it’s become more and more bespoke over time. The Snaps being proprietary and a lot of work in the terminal to activate functions enjoyed out-of-the-box by almost all other distros is very unfriendly. And, I would suggest there are numerous other distros that “just work” but without Ubuntu’s baggage. Mint, Pop_OS!, and Fedora are all easy to install, setup, and use. Even KDE’s Neon is dirt simple to install and use and offers a great KDE experience, if you like that.\n
      \n
      That said, however, I believe that Mint is the best distro for new users, though Fedora and Pop are close behind.
      """
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  +body: "Thanks for this great writeup about what makes Ubuntu its own thing rather than standard."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      On the matter of Ubuntu I think the issues with the OS need to be clarified. From the positive perspective, it is easy to use and just works. From the negative side, it’s become more and more bespoke over time. The Snaps being proprietary and a lot of work in the terminal to activate functions enjoyed out-of-the-box by almost all other distros is very unfriendly. And, I would suggest there are numerous other distros that “just work” but without Ubuntu’s baggage. Mint, Pop_OS!, and Fedora are all easy to install, setup, and use. Even KDE’s Neon is dirt simple to install and use and offers a great KDE experience, if you like that.\n
      \n
      That said, however, I believe that Mint is the best distro for new users, though Fedora and Pop are close behind.
      """
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  +body: "Thanks for this great writeup about what makes Ubuntu its own thing rather than standard."
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      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      On the matter of Ubuntu I think the issues with the OS need to be clarified. From the positive perspective, it is easy to use and just works. From the negative side, it’s become more and more bespoke over time. The Snaps being proprietary and a lot of work in the terminal to activate functions enjoyed out-of-the-box by almost all other distros is very unfriendly. And, I would suggest there are numerous other distros that “just work” but without Ubuntu’s baggage. Mint, Pop_OS!, and Fedora are all easy to install, setup, and use. Even KDE’s Neon is dirt simple to install and use and offers a great KDE experience, if you like that.\n
      \n
      That said, however, I believe that Mint is the best distro for new users, though Fedora and Pop are close behind.
      """
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  +body: "Thanks for this great writeup about what makes Ubuntu its own thing rather than standard."
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        \n
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        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +image: null
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  +body: "would recommend linking the phrase “a fuckload of distros” to [DistroWatch](https://distrowatch.com/) – give newcomers a heads-up on just how deep that particular rabbit hole goes …"
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +image: null
  +parent: null
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  +body: "would recommend linking the phrase “a fuckload of distros” to [DistroWatch](https://distrowatch.com/) – give newcomers a heads-up on just how deep that particular rabbit hole goes …"
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: "would recommend linking the phrase “a fuckload of distros” to [DistroWatch](https://distrowatch.com/) – give newcomers a heads-up on just how deep that particular rabbit hole goes …"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
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        \n
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        \n
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        \n
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        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +body: "would recommend linking the phrase “a fuckload of distros” to [DistroWatch](https://distrowatch.com/) – give newcomers a heads-up on just how deep that particular rabbit hole goes …"
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  +body: "To be more inclusive, I suggest changing “…fuckload…” to “…metric fucktonne…” 🤣"
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        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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    +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#2413}
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    +image: null
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    +body: "would recommend linking the phrase “a fuckload of distros” to [DistroWatch](https://distrowatch.com/) – give newcomers a heads-up on just how deep that particular rabbit hole goes …"
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    -id: 159473
    -bodyTs: "'/)':14 'deep':24 'distro':9 'distrowatch':11 'distrowatch.com':13 'distrowatch.com/)':12 'fuckload':7 'give':15 'goe':29 'head':19 'heads-up':18 'hole':28 'link':3 'newcom':16 'particular':26 'phrase':5 'rabbit':27 'recommend':2 'would':1"
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      date: 2023-11-24 19:38:31.0 +01:00
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  +body: "To be more inclusive, I suggest changing “…fuckload…” to “…metric fucktonne…” 🤣"
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +cross: false
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    +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1701487037 {#1858
      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
    }
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1700828113 {#2388
      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
    }
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  +parent: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5189
    +user: App\Entity\User {#5202 …}
    +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#2413}
    +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
    +image: null
    +parent: null
    +root: null
    +body: "would recommend linking the phrase “a fuckload of distros” to [DistroWatch](https://distrowatch.com/) – give newcomers a heads-up on just how deep that particular rabbit hole goes …"
    +lang: "en"
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      "@wfh@lemm.ee"
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    -id: 159473
    -bodyTs: "'/)':14 'deep':24 'distro':9 'distrowatch':11 'distrowatch.com':13 'distrowatch.com/)':12 'fuckload':7 'give':15 'goe':29 'head':19 'heads-up':18 'hole':28 'link':3 'newcom':16 'particular':26 'phrase':5 'rabbit':27 'recommend':2 'would':1"
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    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1700851111 {#5185
      date: 2023-11-24 19:38:31.0 +01:00
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  +root: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5189}
  +body: "To be more inclusive, I suggest changing “…fuckload…” to “…metric fucktonne…” 🤣"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    As a complete noob who installed Mint about two weeks ago, I have Thoughts™. This is a good start, I think., and I’m really glad to see it, but it still makes some assumptions and misses a couple of things I came across that I think would be helpful.\n
    \n
    I’ll try to find some time tomorrow to pull together some edits and suggestions to share, rather than a bunch of comments here.\n
    \n
    How’s best to share them back?
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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  +body: """
    As a complete noob who installed Mint about two weeks ago, I have Thoughts™. This is a good start, I think., and I’m really glad to see it, but it still makes some assumptions and misses a couple of things I came across that I think would be helpful.\n
    \n
    I’ll try to find some time tomorrow to pull together some edits and suggestions to share, rather than a bunch of comments here.\n
    \n
    How’s best to share them back?
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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  +body: """
    As a complete noob who installed Mint about two weeks ago, I have Thoughts™. This is a good start, I think., and I’m really glad to see it, but it still makes some assumptions and misses a couple of things I came across that I think would be helpful.\n
    \n
    I’ll try to find some time tomorrow to pull together some edits and suggestions to share, rather than a bunch of comments here.\n
    \n
    How’s best to share them back?
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
    \n
    (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
    \n
    (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
    \n
    (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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    +body: """
      Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
      \n
      (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
      """
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  +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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      Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
      \n
      (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
      """
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      date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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  +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
      \n
      (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
      """
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  +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
    }
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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      +image: null
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      +body: """
        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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  +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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  +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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      +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
      +image: null
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      +body: """
        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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  +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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    Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
    \n
    Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        +image: null
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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  +body: """
    Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
    \n
    Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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  +body: """
    Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
    \n
    Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
    }
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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      +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#5537 …}
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          +body: """
            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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    +body: """
      Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
      \n
      Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
      """
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  +body: "Hmm… I may have to try Manjaro again, but the simple fact that there are 2 GUI package managers is not a great sign for *total* noobs. The main reason I’ve been staying away from it tho is the cert controversy and the arch repo ddos."
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      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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    +body: """
      Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
      \n
      Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
      """
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  +body: "Hmm… I may have to try Manjaro again, but the simple fact that there are 2 GUI package managers is not a great sign for *total* noobs. The main reason I’ve been staying away from it tho is the cert controversy and the arch repo ddos."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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          +body: """
            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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      Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
      \n
      Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
      """
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  +body: "Hmm… I may have to try Manjaro again, but the simple fact that there are 2 GUI package managers is not a great sign for *total* noobs. The main reason I’ve been staying away from it tho is the cert controversy and the arch repo ddos."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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            +body: """
              Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
              \n
              (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
              """
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          +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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      +body: """
        Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
        \n
        Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
        """
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    +body: "Hmm… I may have to try Manjaro again, but the simple fact that there are 2 GUI package managers is not a great sign for *total* noobs. The main reason I’ve been staying away from it tho is the cert controversy and the arch repo ddos."
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  +body: """
    There were no arch repo ddos, there were cases where the AUR went down because pamac was searching Aur packages as users were typing package names on it and turns out there were way too many users going into the Aur. It is actually quite sad how much disinformation there is about manjaro that even the manjarno snorlax repo recently corrected a bunch of critism it had about manjaro before being taken down lol.\n
    \n
    Also Manjaro only ships pamac with KDE in both versions, no idea if gnome includes their store in their packages. Manjaro also includes already functional and useful versions of window managers like i3 that are already setup, if it wasn’t for it I would have never discovered how useful i3 is because setting i3 from the beginning is very difficult.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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              Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
              \n
              (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
              """
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          +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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      +body: """
        Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
        \n
        Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
        """
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    +body: "Hmm… I may have to try Manjaro again, but the simple fact that there are 2 GUI package managers is not a great sign for *total* noobs. The main reason I’ve been staying away from it tho is the cert controversy and the arch repo ddos."
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  +body: """
    There were no arch repo ddos, there were cases where the AUR went down because pamac was searching Aur packages as users were typing package names on it and turns out there were way too many users going into the Aur. It is actually quite sad how much disinformation there is about manjaro that even the manjarno snorlax repo recently corrected a bunch of critism it had about manjaro before being taken down lol.\n
    \n
    Also Manjaro only ships pamac with KDE in both versions, no idea if gnome includes their store in their packages. Manjaro also includes already functional and useful versions of window managers like i3 that are already setup, if it wasn’t for it I would have never discovered how useful i3 is because setting i3 from the beginning is very difficult.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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              Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
              \n
              (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
              """
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          +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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        Manjaro usually ships two versions depending on the DE you choose, one is minimal which doesn’t even include flatpaks and the other is full which what sounds like you had.\n
        \n
        Also you don’t have to be typing pacman -Syu if you use the GUI tools like pamac to update the system, and if you still want to use the terminal instead of type yay which does a pacman -Syu and also updates your aur packages.
        """
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    +body: "Hmm… I may have to try Manjaro again, but the simple fact that there are 2 GUI package managers is not a great sign for *total* noobs. The main reason I’ve been staying away from it tho is the cert controversy and the arch repo ddos."
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  +body: """
    There were no arch repo ddos, there were cases where the AUR went down because pamac was searching Aur packages as users were typing package names on it and turns out there were way too many users going into the Aur. It is actually quite sad how much disinformation there is about manjaro that even the manjarno snorlax repo recently corrected a bunch of critism it had about manjaro before being taken down lol.\n
    \n
    Also Manjaro only ships pamac with KDE in both versions, no idea if gnome includes their store in their packages. Manjaro also includes already functional and useful versions of window managers like i3 that are already setup, if it wasn’t for it I would have never discovered how useful i3 is because setting i3 from the beginning is very difficult.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        +image: null
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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  +body: """
    Manjaro has a graphical app for installing and upgrading software, as well as one for managing kernel versions and one for drivers. You don’t need to know about the command line options if you don’t want to.\n
    \n
    Are those the apps you’re taking about?
    """
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      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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  +body: """
    Manjaro has a graphical app for installing and upgrading software, as well as one for managing kernel versions and one for drivers. You don’t need to know about the command line options if you don’t want to.\n
    \n
    Are those the apps you’re taking about?
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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        +image: null
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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          "@GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml"
          "@wfh@lemm.ee"
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          date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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  +body: """
    Manjaro has a graphical app for installing and upgrading software, as well as one for managing kernel versions and one for drivers. You don’t need to know about the command line options if you don’t want to.\n
    \n
    Are those the apps you’re taking about?
    """
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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    +body: """
      Manjaro has a graphical app for installing and upgrading software, as well as one for managing kernel versions and one for drivers. You don’t need to know about the command line options if you don’t want to.\n
      \n
      Are those the apps you’re taking about?
      """
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  +body: "Yeah I know it has a GUI app for installing software, though IIRC isn’t it more similar to something like Synaptic than GSoftware?"
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        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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          +image: null
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          +body: """
            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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            date: 2023-12-04 17:00:17.0 +01:00
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            date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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          date: 2023-11-24 19:46:05.0 +01:00
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      +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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    +body: """
      Manjaro has a graphical app for installing and upgrading software, as well as one for managing kernel versions and one for drivers. You don’t need to know about the command line options if you don’t want to.\n
      \n
      Are those the apps you’re taking about?
      """
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      "@spyjoshx@discuss.tchncs.de"
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      date: 2023-11-25 09:17:24.0 +01:00
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  +body: "Yeah I know it has a GUI app for installing software, though IIRC isn’t it more similar to something like Synaptic than GSoftware?"
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112 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#5645
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    +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1973 …}
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      +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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          +body: """
            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      +body: "I’ve actually had pretty bad experiences with Manjaro. No. 1, it cones with a lot of “apps” that aren’t obvious in what they do, and package management on Arch and Arch-based distros is very very *not* obvious to beginners (Syu? What does Syu mean. Wait, you mean I’m updating my whole system every time I want to install something? Where’s GNOME Software? Etc)"
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    +body: """
      Manjaro has a graphical app for installing and upgrading software, as well as one for managing kernel versions and one for drivers. You don’t need to know about the command line options if you don’t want to.\n
      \n
      Are those the apps you’re taking about?
      """
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  +body: "Yeah I know it has a GUI app for installing software, though IIRC isn’t it more similar to something like Synaptic than GSoftware?"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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  +body: """
    I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
    \n
    You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
    \n
    Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - No misinformation\n
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        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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  +body: """
    I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
    \n
    You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
    \n
    Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
    }
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#2413}
      +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
      +image: null
      +parent: null
      +root: null
      +body: """
        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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        "@GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml"
        "@wfh@lemm.ee"
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        date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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    +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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  +body: """
    I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
    \n
    You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
    \n
    Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
    """
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      +title: "linux"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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    +body: """
      I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
      \n
      You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
      \n
      Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
      """
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  +body: """
    > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
    \n
    You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
    \n
    > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
    \n
    You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
    \n
    > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
    \n
    Please. If only that were true.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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      I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
      \n
      You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
      \n
      Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
      """
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  +body: """
    > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
    \n
    You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
    \n
    > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
    \n
    You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
    \n
    > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
    \n
    Please. If only that were true.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
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        \n
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        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
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        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        +body: """
          Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
          \n
          (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
          """
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      +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        date: 2023-11-24 19:46:05.0 +01:00
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    +root: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5337}
    +body: """
      I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
      \n
      You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
      \n
      Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
      """
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  +root: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5337}
  +body: """
    > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
    \n
    You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
    \n
    > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
    \n
    You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
    \n
    > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
    \n
    Please. If only that were true.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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          +body: """
            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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        I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
        \n
        You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
        \n
        Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
        """
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      > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
      \n
      You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
      \n
      > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
      \n
      You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
      \n
      > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
      \n
      Please. If only that were true.
      """
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    I have updated Debian across 4 major releases without issues. I have daily updates on Fedora without issues. I had to do maintenance probably monthly on Manjaro.\n
    \n
    Arch doesn’t do things for you, therefore Manjaro doesn’t do things for you. This means you are the one who needs to do the maintenance and upgrade config files and such. It is interesting, it is formative, but it is not for beginners who might get the impression that Linux needs constant maintenance and breaks often.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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          +body: """
            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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          date: 2023-11-24 19:46:05.0 +01:00
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      +body: """
        I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
        \n
        You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
        \n
        Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
        """
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        date: 2023-11-25 10:37:26.0 +01:00
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    +body: """
      > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
      \n
      You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
      \n
      > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
      \n
      You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
      \n
      > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
      \n
      Please. If only that were true.
      """
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  +body: """
    I have updated Debian across 4 major releases without issues. I have daily updates on Fedora without issues. I had to do maintenance probably monthly on Manjaro.\n
    \n
    Arch doesn’t do things for you, therefore Manjaro doesn’t do things for you. This means you are the one who needs to do the maintenance and upgrade config files and such. It is interesting, it is formative, but it is not for beginners who might get the impression that Linux needs constant maintenance and breaks often.
    """
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        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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            Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
            \n
            (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
            """
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        +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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          date: 2023-11-24 19:46:05.0 +01:00
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      +body: """
        I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
        \n
        You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
        \n
        Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
        """
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        date: 2023-11-25 10:37:26.0 +01:00
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    +root: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5337}
    +body: """
      > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
      \n
      You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
      \n
      > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
      \n
      You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
      \n
      > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
      \n
      Please. If only that were true.
      """
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  +body: """
    I have updated Debian across 4 major releases without issues. I have daily updates on Fedora without issues. I had to do maintenance probably monthly on Manjaro.\n
    \n
    Arch doesn’t do things for you, therefore Manjaro doesn’t do things for you. This means you are the one who needs to do the maintenance and upgrade config files and such. It is interesting, it is formative, but it is not for beginners who might get the impression that Linux needs constant maintenance and breaks often.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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              Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
              \n
              (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
              """
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          +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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          I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
          \n
          You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
          \n
          Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
          """
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        > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
        \n
        You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
        \n
        > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
        \n
        You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
        \n
        > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
        \n
        Please. If only that were true.
        """
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      I have updated Debian across 4 major releases without issues. I have daily updates on Fedora without issues. I had to do maintenance probably monthly on Manjaro.\n
      \n
      Arch doesn’t do things for you, therefore Manjaro doesn’t do things for you. This means you are the one who needs to do the maintenance and upgrade config files and such. It is interesting, it is formative, but it is not for beginners who might get the impression that Linux needs constant maintenance and breaks often.
      """
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    I don’t know what to tell you. I’ve never had to do any “maintenance” on Manjaro.\n
    \n
    Also whenever I run into someone saying they had lots of issues on Manjaro they can never remember what they were.
    """
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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            +body: """
              Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
              \n
              (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
              """
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              date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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          +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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            date: 2023-11-24 19:46:05.0 +01:00
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        +body: """
          I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
          \n
          You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
          \n
          Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
          """
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          date: 2023-11-25 10:37:26.0 +01:00
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      +body: """
        > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
        \n
        You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
        \n
        > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
        \n
        You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
        \n
        > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
        \n
        Please. If only that were true.
        """
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    +body: """
      I have updated Debian across 4 major releases without issues. I have daily updates on Fedora without issues. I had to do maintenance probably monthly on Manjaro.\n
      \n
      Arch doesn’t do things for you, therefore Manjaro doesn’t do things for you. This means you are the one who needs to do the maintenance and upgrade config files and such. It is interesting, it is formative, but it is not for beginners who might get the impression that Linux needs constant maintenance and breaks often.
      """
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  +body: """
    I don’t know what to tell you. I’ve never had to do any “maintenance” on Manjaro.\n
    \n
    Also whenever I run into someone saying they had lots of issues on Manjaro they can never remember what they were.
    """
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128 DENIED moderate 
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
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        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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    }
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      date: 2023-11-24 13:15:13.0 +01:00
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    +parent: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5622
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      +parent: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5552
        +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1973 …}
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        +parent: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5421
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          +parent: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5337
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            +image: null
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            +body: """
              Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
              \n
              (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
              """
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              "@wfh@lemm.ee"
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              date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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          +root: App\Entity\EntryComment {#5337}
          +body: "Same about Manjaro, it’s probably the most beginner-friendly Arch distro. Arch is inherently not beginner-friendly, of course any distro that attempts to make it more so will have to change a couple of things. It’s a pity some people can’t see beyond keeping Arch “pure”."
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            date: 2023-11-24 19:46:05.0 +01:00
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        +body: """
          I’ve ran my gaming pc on Manjaro for about 2 years. There were too many issues to list here, but the one huge problem for me for new users is updates.\n
          \n
          You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly. This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro. I mean, those posts are great, but all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
          \n
          Also, I always updated from the tty as there’s a weird “never update inside Gnome” policy.
          """
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          date: 2023-11-25 10:37:26.0 +01:00
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      +body: """
        > You have to wait for the semi-regular “stable update” post, check the major issues and act accordingly.\n
        \n
        You don’t have to wait for them, you can update without it. The vast majority of issues in those posts are caused by the upstream packages not by Manjaro. **If** you use one of those packages and **if** an update brings a problem and **if** you’re affected by it you can read the latest post to see if there’s a readily available solution that someone in the Manjaro community has already found. It’s a community service not a mandatory read.\n
        \n
        > This shouldn’t happen in a “beginner friendly” distro.\n
        \n
        You have to keep in mind it’s still an Arch derivative. I said the most beginner-friendly among Arch distros, not the most beginner-friendly in the world. Arch is a bleeding-edge rolling-release distro. When you keep constantly updating tens of thousands of packages to their latest versions some of them will occasionally have bugs. It’s the price you pay for staying on the bleeding edge.\n
        \n
        > all other majors distros update without intervention.\n
        \n
        Please. If only that were true.
        """
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    +body: """
      I have updated Debian across 4 major releases without issues. I have daily updates on Fedora without issues. I had to do maintenance probably monthly on Manjaro.\n
      \n
      Arch doesn’t do things for you, therefore Manjaro doesn’t do things for you. This means you are the one who needs to do the maintenance and upgrade config files and such. It is interesting, it is formative, but it is not for beginners who might get the impression that Linux needs constant maintenance and breaks often.
      """
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  +body: """
    I don’t know what to tell you. I’ve never had to do any “maintenance” on Manjaro.\n
    \n
    Also whenever I run into someone saying they had lots of issues on Manjaro they can never remember what they were.
    """
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        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
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        \n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
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        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
      \n
      (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
      """
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  +body: "not OP, but Mint is on the list and, being a Ubuntu derivative, it “just works” too"
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
      \n
      (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
      """
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  +body: "not OP, but Mint is on the list and, being a Ubuntu derivative, it “just works” too"
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        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
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        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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      date: 2023-12-02 04:17:17.0 +01:00
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    +image: null
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    +body: """
      Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
      \n
      (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
      """
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      date: 2023-11-24 19:21:37.0 +01:00
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  +body: "not OP, but Mint is on the list and, being a Ubuntu derivative, it “just works” too"
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      +name: "linux@lemmy.ml"
      +title: "linux"
      +description: """
        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
        - No NSFW content\n
        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1899 …}
    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "not OP, but Mint is on the list and, being a Ubuntu derivative, it “just works” too"
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  +body: "Fair enough. Being a KDE user, I tend to think about Kubuntu a lot more than Mint."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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        ### Rules\n
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        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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'xorg/wayland':297,1504 'year':251,1376,1445 'yes':1269,1505,1671,1810 'yet':931"
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        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "not OP, but Mint is on the list and, being a Ubuntu derivative, it “just works” too"
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  +body: "Fair enough. Being a KDE user, I tend to think about Kubuntu a lot more than Mint."
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        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
        \n
        Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
        \n
        Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
        \n
        ### Rules\n
        \n
        - Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n
        - No misinformation\n
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        - No hate speech, bigotry, etc\n
        \n
        ### Related Communities\n
        \n
        - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
        - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
        - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
        - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
        \n
        Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
        """
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    +slug: "Help-me-choose-my-first-distro-and-other-questions-for"
    +title: ""Help me choose my first distro" and other questions for beginners"
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    +body: """
      You’re about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you’re overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)\n
      \n
      The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide.\n
      \n
      Preamble\n
      ========\n
      \n
      Make sure your hardware is compatible\n
      -------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don’t use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you’re golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.\n
      \n
      Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux\n
      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).\n
      \n
      Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS\n
      ----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It’s okay. You’re learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.\n
      \n
      What are the best resources out there?\n
      --------------------------------------\n
      \n
      [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) without a doubt. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same.\n
      \n
      Okay, now to the most important questions\n
      \n
      Which distro should I use?\n
      ==========================\n
      \n
      There are [a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons)](https://distrowatch.com/) of distros out there, but these can be broadly put into two main categories: general-purpose distros and niche-distros. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a large community of maintainers and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case.\n
      \n
      Beginner distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      These are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way.\n
      \n
      - **Fedora Workstation**: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite the community’s rightful backlash against Red Hat, this is still a great distro for beginners and advanced users. Even Linus Torvalds himself favors Fedora as a daily driver. Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment.\n
      - **Linux Mint**: While I haven’t used it myself, there is a lot of praise here for this Ubuntu derivative from beginners and advanced users alike. Its main goals are ease of use and being the flagship distro for the Cinnamon DE, which is very similar to Windows and may ease the transition for new users.\n
      - **Pop!_OS**: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this Ubuntu derivative shares some of the issues with its infamous parent, but its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice.\n
      - **I do not recommend Ubuntu nor Manjaro**: despite being marketed as “beginner friendly distros”, and despite often running perfectly fine, these two have major issues in management, packaging policies or philosophy that might make your life as a beginner difficult. Ubuntu suffers from it’s parent company’s goal to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really, and there are some great derivatives like the ones cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical. Manjaro might seem appealing as a “beginner-friendly” Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro.\n
      \n
      Advanced distros\n
      ----------------\n
      \n
      So you’ve taken your first steps, you’re starting to be really comfortable with Linux, and you want to get your hands dirty and really learn what’s happening under the surface? **These should not be installed as your first distro**, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.\n
      \n
      - **Debian**: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel a bit outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as “Standard Linux” as can be.\n
      - **Arch**: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux.\n
      \n
      Which Desktop Environment should I use?\n
      =======================================\n
      \n
      This is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences.\n
      \n
      - **Gnome**: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides the strongly opinionated developers’ vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are [thousands of extensions](https://extensions.gnome.org/) to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome’s development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.\n
      - **KDE Plasma**: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is no single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers.\n
      - **Cinnamon**: If you want the most “windows-like” experience out of the box, Cinnamon is great. As I have no experience with it, I’ll let the Mint users praise it in the comments :D\n
      - **Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines**: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs.\n
      \n
      Philosophical questions, or “I heard conflicting stuff over the Internet and now I’m scared”\n
      ============================================================================================\n
      \n
      You’ve done your research, you’re almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community, but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?\n
      \n
      Shoud I learn the command line?\n
      -------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes, eventually**. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE’s settings. But sometimes, it’s much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it’s the only way to fix something. It’s not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.\n
      \n
      I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from this era?\n
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Noooo!**. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about systemd?\n
      ------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?\n
      -----------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes and No, but mostly No**. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people’s complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GeForce users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80’s and 90’s and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. Wayland solves that by being just a simple display protocol with a much smaller codebase, and offloading feature development to the compositors.\n
      \n
      Should I look for a gaming-focused distro?\n
      ------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **No**. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.\n
      \n
      Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps?\n
      --------------------------------------------------\n
      \n
      **Not really**. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent version. Snaps however are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. If you’re fine with that, have fun. (Thanks @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml for the precisions)\n
      \n
      Should I follow The Way?\n
      ------------------------\n
      \n
      **Yes**. One does not speak unless one knows. You can take your helmet off in public tho.\n
      \n
      Feel free to help correct, expand, or simplify this guide :)
      """
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        Despite snaps and Canonical’s BS, Ubuntu is the best distro for beginners because it “just works” in a way other distros do not. You are doing new users a disservice by telling them to avoid it.\n
        \n
        (Note: I personally dislike Ubuntu. This isn’t about fanboyism; this is about giving credit where it’s due.)
        """
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    +body: "not OP, but Mint is on the list and, being a Ubuntu derivative, it “just works” too"
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  +body: "Fair enough. Being a KDE user, I tend to think about Kubuntu a lot more than Mint."
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137 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Magazine {#264
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    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n
    \n
    Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n
    \n
    Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n
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    \n
    ### Related Communities\n
    \n
    - [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n
    - [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture)\n
    - [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology)\n
    - [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware)\n
    \n
    Community icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
    """
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