Redirect 302 redirect from GET @entry_comment_create (70586d)

GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/index.php/m/askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de/t/766/Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor/active

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.47
Profiled on
Token
61aa91

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators 
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
 59.29 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
 0.05 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2410
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1961 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#261
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#241 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#269
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#228 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#217 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#175 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#133 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#195 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#112 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#98 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#76 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#66 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1854 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1818 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apProfileId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apPublicUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#267
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
    }
    +apDeletedAt: null
    +apTimeoutAt: null
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#275
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1966 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1900 …}
  +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
  +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
  +url: "https://lemmy.nz/pictrs/image/153b6b3b-d238-423b-b973-57497e139956.jpeg"
  +body: """
    Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
    \n
    I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
    \n
    I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
    \n
    Thanks for any help.
    """
  +type: "image"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: true
  +commentCount: 20
  +favouriteCount: 16
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1688959181 {#1829
    date: 2023-07-10 05:19:41.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1905 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1932 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1929 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1366 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2357 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2167 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 766
  -titleTs: "'burnt':5 'find':2 'help':1 'resistor':6 'valu':3"
  -bodyTs: "'403':48 'anyon':30 'bit':26 'bread':2 'burn':15 'chang':22 'color':24 'cook':35 'experi':32 'guess':19 'heat':21 'help':53 'insid':11 'look':10 'm':18 'maker':3 'mate':1 'measur':45 'ohm':49 'pcb':43 'read':34 'remov':39 'resistor':16,36 'saw':13 'stop':4 'thank':50 'valu':37 'wonder':28 'work':5"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1688546570
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemmy.nz/post/241611"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1688460170 {#2418
    date: 2023-07-04 10:42:50.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
3 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#2410
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1961 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#261
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#241 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#269
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#228 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#217 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#175 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#133 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#195 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#112 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#98 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#76 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#66 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1854 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1818 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apProfileId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apPublicUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#267
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
    }
    +apDeletedAt: null
    +apTimeoutAt: null
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#275
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1966 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1900 …}
  +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
  +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
  +url: "https://lemmy.nz/pictrs/image/153b6b3b-d238-423b-b973-57497e139956.jpeg"
  +body: """
    Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
    \n
    I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
    \n
    I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
    \n
    Thanks for any help.
    """
  +type: "image"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: true
  +commentCount: 20
  +favouriteCount: 16
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1688959181 {#1829
    date: 2023-07-10 05:19:41.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1905 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1932 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1929 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1366 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2357 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2167 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 766
  -titleTs: "'burnt':5 'find':2 'help':1 'resistor':6 'valu':3"
  -bodyTs: "'403':48 'anyon':30 'bit':26 'bread':2 'burn':15 'chang':22 'color':24 'cook':35 'experi':32 'guess':19 'heat':21 'help':53 'insid':11 'look':10 'm':18 'maker':3 'mate':1 'measur':45 'ohm':49 'pcb':43 'read':34 'remov':39 'resistor':16,36 'saw':13 'stop':4 'thank':50 'valu':37 'wonder':28 'work':5"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1688546570
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemmy.nz/post/241611"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1688460170 {#2418
    date: 2023-07-04 10:42:50.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
4 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#2410
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1961 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#261
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#241 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#269
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#228 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#217 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#175 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#133 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#195 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#112 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#98 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#76 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#66 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1854 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1818 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apProfileId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apPublicUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#267
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
    }
    +apDeletedAt: null
    +apTimeoutAt: null
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#275
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1966 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1900 …}
  +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
  +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
  +url: "https://lemmy.nz/pictrs/image/153b6b3b-d238-423b-b973-57497e139956.jpeg"
  +body: """
    Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
    \n
    I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
    \n
    I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
    \n
    Thanks for any help.
    """
  +type: "image"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: true
  +commentCount: 20
  +favouriteCount: 16
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1688959181 {#1829
    date: 2023-07-10 05:19:41.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1905 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1932 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1929 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1366 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2357 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2167 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 766
  -titleTs: "'burnt':5 'find':2 'help':1 'resistor':6 'valu':3"
  -bodyTs: "'403':48 'anyon':30 'bit':26 'bread':2 'burn':15 'chang':22 'color':24 'cook':35 'experi':32 'guess':19 'heat':21 'help':53 'insid':11 'look':10 'm':18 'maker':3 'mate':1 'measur':45 'ohm':49 'pcb':43 'read':34 'remov':39 'resistor':16,36 'saw':13 'stop':4 'thank':50 'valu':37 'wonder':28 'work':5"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1688546570
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemmy.nz/post/241611"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1688460170 {#2418
    date: 2023-07-04 10:42:50.0 +02:00
  }
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
5 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
6 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#4043
  +user: App\Entity\User {#3991 …}
  +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#2410
    +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1961 …}
    +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#261
      +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#241 …}
      +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
      +title: "askelectronics"
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        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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    It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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    If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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    It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
    \n
    If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
    \n
    A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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    It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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    If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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      It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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      It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
      \n
      If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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      A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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        A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
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    Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
    \n
    What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
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    My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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        If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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    Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
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    What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
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    My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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    Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
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    What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
          \n
          If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
          \n
          A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
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      Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
      \n
      What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
      \n
      My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
      """
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  +body: """
    Thank you for the detailed insight! I miss some basics in electronics but am eager to learn how to test and fix circuits.\n
    \n
    Years ago I tried to repair an old keyboard/synthesizer by cleaning it and replacing leaked/bloated capacitors. Unfortunately the onboard sound memory could not be loaded anymore or was wiped entirely as far as I understood. But due to lack of knowledge (me and community that time) it was too complex to got the keyboard up and running again. It’s sometimes sad to loose good hardware…\n
    \n
    Back to the resistor/thread: I can’t imagine a resistor to be the source of the problem. Isn’t it more possible that a capacitor wears out or a transistor cooling fails?
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
          \n
          If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
          \n
          A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
          """
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      Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
      \n
      What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
      \n
      My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
      """
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    Thank you for the detailed insight! I miss some basics in electronics but am eager to learn how to test and fix circuits.\n
    \n
    Years ago I tried to repair an old keyboard/synthesizer by cleaning it and replacing leaked/bloated capacitors. Unfortunately the onboard sound memory could not be loaded anymore or was wiped entirely as far as I understood. But due to lack of knowledge (me and community that time) it was too complex to got the keyboard up and running again. It’s sometimes sad to loose good hardware…\n
    \n
    Back to the resistor/thread: I can’t imagine a resistor to be the source of the problem. Isn’t it more possible that a capacitor wears out or a transistor cooling fails?
    """
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20 DENIED moderate 
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        Rules\n
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    +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        +body: """
          It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
          \n
          If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
          \n
          A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
          """
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      Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
      \n
      What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
      \n
      My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
      """
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  +body: """
    Thank you for the detailed insight! I miss some basics in electronics but am eager to learn how to test and fix circuits.\n
    \n
    Years ago I tried to repair an old keyboard/synthesizer by cleaning it and replacing leaked/bloated capacitors. Unfortunately the onboard sound memory could not be loaded anymore or was wiped entirely as far as I understood. But due to lack of knowledge (me and community that time) it was too complex to got the keyboard up and running again. It’s sometimes sad to loose good hardware…\n
    \n
    Back to the resistor/thread: I can’t imagine a resistor to be the source of the problem. Isn’t it more possible that a capacitor wears out or a transistor cooling fails?
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          +body: """
            It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
            \n
            If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
            \n
            A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
            """
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        +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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      +body: """
        Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
        \n
        What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
        \n
        My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
        """
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    +body: """
      Thank you for the detailed insight! I miss some basics in electronics but am eager to learn how to test and fix circuits.\n
      \n
      Years ago I tried to repair an old keyboard/synthesizer by cleaning it and replacing leaked/bloated capacitors. Unfortunately the onboard sound memory could not be loaded anymore or was wiped entirely as far as I understood. But due to lack of knowledge (me and community that time) it was too complex to got the keyboard up and running again. It’s sometimes sad to loose good hardware…\n
      \n
      Back to the resistor/thread: I can’t imagine a resistor to be the source of the problem. Isn’t it more possible that a capacitor wears out or a transistor cooling fails?
      """
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  +body: """
    Those things are indeed more common!\n
    \n
    However, if the circuit was in an abnormal state (e.g. the contact with the case), then a resistor could very well blow. It would not be surprising if it took some other components down with it, and that this damage is not obvious yet. “The transistor blows to protect the fuse” is a common fail-state, facetiously stated.\n
    \n
    Another possibility is just… bad design. You could call me adequate at circuit design (I mostly design prototypes, not finished systems that have to last thousands of hours), but regularly see commercial products designed poorly with some stupid point of failure. For example, using a 1 watt resistor that is dissipating close to 1 watt, instead of designing a more efficient system that doesn’t require dissipating heat at all.\n
    \n
    I spend a lot of time answering questions for people just getting started. Probably 75% of them boil down to a few things. Here is that list in case amusing / useful:\n
    \n
    1. Relays are not a great solution in general, and there are many better alternatives (MOSFET, SSR, etc).\n
    2. Output impedance matters: you can’t power a huge motor off a microcontroller pin.\n
    3. Back-EMF from inductive loads can burn out your control system unless you add a protection diode.\n
    4. Lead acid batteries aren’t a magic solution to power everything. Especially automotive ones. Understand and use lithium ion.\n
    5. Connecting LEDs in parallel then adding a single resistor will lead to failure pretty quickly.\n
    6. Generally, don’t pass significant power through a switch. Use the switch to control the state of a power MOSFET or similar.\n
    7. Button debouncing.\n
    \n
    Most of the rest is refusing to do other people’s homework, help people build weapons, or do unwise things with mains power / high voltage / centrifuges. Occasionally people ask me really interesting questions though, so I don’t mind that the interactions are a bit scripted the rest of the time! I’ve noticed on Lemmy I’ve gotten much more interesting questions so far!
    """
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        Rules\n
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    +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          +body: """
            It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
            \n
            If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
            \n
            A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
            """
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        +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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        Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
        \n
        What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
        \n
        My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
        """
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      Thank you for the detailed insight! I miss some basics in electronics but am eager to learn how to test and fix circuits.\n
      \n
      Years ago I tried to repair an old keyboard/synthesizer by cleaning it and replacing leaked/bloated capacitors. Unfortunately the onboard sound memory could not be loaded anymore or was wiped entirely as far as I understood. But due to lack of knowledge (me and community that time) it was too complex to got the keyboard up and running again. It’s sometimes sad to loose good hardware…\n
      \n
      Back to the resistor/thread: I can’t imagine a resistor to be the source of the problem. Isn’t it more possible that a capacitor wears out or a transistor cooling fails?
      """
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    Those things are indeed more common!\n
    \n
    However, if the circuit was in an abnormal state (e.g. the contact with the case), then a resistor could very well blow. It would not be surprising if it took some other components down with it, and that this damage is not obvious yet. “The transistor blows to protect the fuse” is a common fail-state, facetiously stated.\n
    \n
    Another possibility is just… bad design. You could call me adequate at circuit design (I mostly design prototypes, not finished systems that have to last thousands of hours), but regularly see commercial products designed poorly with some stupid point of failure. For example, using a 1 watt resistor that is dissipating close to 1 watt, instead of designing a more efficient system that doesn’t require dissipating heat at all.\n
    \n
    I spend a lot of time answering questions for people just getting started. Probably 75% of them boil down to a few things. Here is that list in case amusing / useful:\n
    \n
    1. Relays are not a great solution in general, and there are many better alternatives (MOSFET, SSR, etc).\n
    2. Output impedance matters: you can’t power a huge motor off a microcontroller pin.\n
    3. Back-EMF from inductive loads can burn out your control system unless you add a protection diode.\n
    4. Lead acid batteries aren’t a magic solution to power everything. Especially automotive ones. Understand and use lithium ion.\n
    5. Connecting LEDs in parallel then adding a single resistor will lead to failure pretty quickly.\n
    6. Generally, don’t pass significant power through a switch. Use the switch to control the state of a power MOSFET or similar.\n
    7. Button debouncing.\n
    \n
    Most of the rest is refusing to do other people’s homework, help people build weapons, or do unwise things with mains power / high voltage / centrifuges. Occasionally people ask me really interesting questions though, so I don’t mind that the interactions are a bit scripted the rest of the time! I’ve noticed on Lemmy I’ve gotten much more interesting questions so far!
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
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          +body: """
            It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
            \n
            If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
            \n
            A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
            """
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        +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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        Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
        \n
        What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
        \n
        My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
        """
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    +body: """
      Thank you for the detailed insight! I miss some basics in electronics but am eager to learn how to test and fix circuits.\n
      \n
      Years ago I tried to repair an old keyboard/synthesizer by cleaning it and replacing leaked/bloated capacitors. Unfortunately the onboard sound memory could not be loaded anymore or was wiped entirely as far as I understood. But due to lack of knowledge (me and community that time) it was too complex to got the keyboard up and running again. It’s sometimes sad to loose good hardware…\n
      \n
      Back to the resistor/thread: I can’t imagine a resistor to be the source of the problem. Isn’t it more possible that a capacitor wears out or a transistor cooling fails?
      """
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    Those things are indeed more common!\n
    \n
    However, if the circuit was in an abnormal state (e.g. the contact with the case), then a resistor could very well blow. It would not be surprising if it took some other components down with it, and that this damage is not obvious yet. “The transistor blows to protect the fuse” is a common fail-state, facetiously stated.\n
    \n
    Another possibility is just… bad design. You could call me adequate at circuit design (I mostly design prototypes, not finished systems that have to last thousands of hours), but regularly see commercial products designed poorly with some stupid point of failure. For example, using a 1 watt resistor that is dissipating close to 1 watt, instead of designing a more efficient system that doesn’t require dissipating heat at all.\n
    \n
    I spend a lot of time answering questions for people just getting started. Probably 75% of them boil down to a few things. Here is that list in case amusing / useful:\n
    \n
    1. Relays are not a great solution in general, and there are many better alternatives (MOSFET, SSR, etc).\n
    2. Output impedance matters: you can’t power a huge motor off a microcontroller pin.\n
    3. Back-EMF from inductive loads can burn out your control system unless you add a protection diode.\n
    4. Lead acid batteries aren’t a magic solution to power everything. Especially automotive ones. Understand and use lithium ion.\n
    5. Connecting LEDs in parallel then adding a single resistor will lead to failure pretty quickly.\n
    6. Generally, don’t pass significant power through a switch. Use the switch to control the state of a power MOSFET or similar.\n
    7. Button debouncing.\n
    \n
    Most of the rest is refusing to do other people’s homework, help people build weapons, or do unwise things with mains power / high voltage / centrifuges. Occasionally people ask me really interesting questions though, so I don’t mind that the interactions are a bit scripted the rest of the time! I’ve noticed on Lemmy I’ve gotten much more interesting questions so far!
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
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          It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
          \n
          If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
          \n
          A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
          """
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    +body: """
      Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
      \n
      What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
      \n
      My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
      """
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    The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
    \n
    From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
    \n
    I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
    """
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27 DENIED edit 
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    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
          \n
          If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
          \n
          A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
          """
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      Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
      \n
      What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
      \n
      My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
      """
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    The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
    \n
    From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
    \n
    I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
          \n
          If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
          \n
          A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
          """
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      +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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      Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
      \n
      What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
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      My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
      """
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    The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
    \n
    From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
    \n
    I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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            It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
            \n
            If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
            \n
            A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
            """
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        +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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      +body: """
        Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
        \n
        What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
        \n
        My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
        """
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    +body: """
      The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
      \n
      From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
      \n
      I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
      """
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  +body: "Sounds like science! Let us know what happens."
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31 DENIED edit 
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    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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            It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
            \n
            If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
            \n
            A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
            """
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        Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
        \n
        What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
        \n
        My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
        """
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      The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
      \n
      From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
      \n
      I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
      """
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    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          +body: """
            It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
            \n
            If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
            \n
            A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
            """
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        +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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      +body: """
        Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
        \n
        What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
        \n
        My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
        """
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    +body: """
      The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
      \n
      From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
      \n
      I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
      """
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34 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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              It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
              \n
              If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
              \n
              A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
              """
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          +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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          Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
          \n
          What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
          \n
          My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
          """
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      +body: """
        The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
        \n
        From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
        \n
        I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
        """
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    +body: "Sounds like science! Let us know what happens."
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  +body: "Four loafs of bread later with no issues, opened it up and everything looks fine :)"
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35 DENIED edit 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      """
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              It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
              \n
              If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
              \n
              A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
              """
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          +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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          Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
          \n
          What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
          \n
          My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
          """
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        The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
        \n
        From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
        \n
        I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
        """
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  +body: "Four loafs of bread later with no issues, opened it up and everything looks fine :)"
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36 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
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              It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
              \n
              If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
              \n
              A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
              """
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        +body: """
          Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
          \n
          What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
          \n
          My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
          """
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      +body: """
        The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
        \n
        From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
        \n
        I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
        """
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    +body: "Sounds like science! Let us know what happens."
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  +body: "Four loafs of bread later with no issues, opened it up and everything looks fine :)"
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    +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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              +body: """
                It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
                \n
                If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
                \n
                A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
                """
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            Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
            \n
            What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
            \n
            My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
            """
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          The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
          \n
          From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
          \n
          I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
          """
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    +body: "Four loafs of bread later with no issues, opened it up and everything looks fine :)"
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    Excellent news!\n
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    The science gets done, and we bake a fresh bun, for the people who are still alive!
    """
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        Rules\n
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    +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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              +body: """
                It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
                \n
                If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
                \n
                A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
                """
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            +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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          +body: """
            Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
            \n
            What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
            \n
            My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
            """
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          The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
          \n
          From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
          \n
          I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
          """
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    Excellent news!\n
    \n
    The science gets done, and we bake a fresh bun, for the people who are still alive!
    """
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    +slug: "Help-finding-value-of-burnt-resistor"
    +title: "Help finding value of burnt resistor."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
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              +body: """
                It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
                \n
                If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
                \n
                A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
                """
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            +body: "Isn’t it safer/better to start by replacing and testing with a higher resistor? Or is my thinking too simple?"
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          +body: """
            Well, arguably keeping the resistor the same value would result in a somewhat known state, and changing it would put it in an unknown state. The unknown state could be better or worse. I can't see enough to know what the circuit does to say.\n
            \n
            What you could do instead, is set the resistor to the same value, but rated for higher thermal dissipation. Then measure how hot it gets to identify if the real problem is somewhere else. Another part might burn/explode instead though, so I'd consider carefully how to proceed, and probably wear goggles + have a fire extinguisher in the room.\n
            \n
            My main concern is by 'fixing' it with a resistor with higher thermal dissipation, I've created a fire hazard because that dissipated heat now has to 'go somewhere', which may be the plastic case. A thermal camera is handy to see if some part of the board gets unacceptably hot during normal operation.
            """
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        +body: """
          The case is basically fully metal, just a bit of plastic inside for mounting the PCB to and a few other bits of plastic outside. Plus there is a temperature fuse in the case also.\n
          \n
          From the resistor size (11.5 x 4.5mm) I think it would have been a 2W resistor when comparing to sizes on Digikey. I made a 500 Ohm 2W resistor from 8 1/4W 1K resistors then put a larger resistor in parallel to that to bring it down, measured it to 489 Ohms.\n
          \n
          I’m going to run it a few times then open it up again to see if there is any new damage to the board before returning it.
          """
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    Excellent news!\n
    \n
    The science gets done, and we bake a fresh bun, for the people who are still alive!
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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      It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
      \n
      If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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      A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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      If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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    Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
    \n
    The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
      \n
      If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
      \n
      A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
      """
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    Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
    \n
    The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
    """
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48 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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      It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
      \n
      If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
      \n
      A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
      """
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    Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
    \n
    The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
    """
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49 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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50 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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      Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
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      The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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      Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
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        If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
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      Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
      \n
      The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
      """
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  +body: "You’ll need a fairly high wattage resistor. That one looks like maybe 1W but it might be more."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
        \n
        If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
        \n
        A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
        """
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      Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
      \n
      The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
      """
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  +body: """
    That sounds like a possible fail state. Also shitty design. It should use a resettable thermal fuse or something to detect faults without parts burning.\n
    \n
    Consider maybe adding a fuse to the design?
    """
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
        \n
        If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
        \n
        A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
        """
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      Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
      \n
      The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
      """
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    That sounds like a possible fail state. Also shitty design. It should use a resettable thermal fuse or something to detect faults without parts burning.\n
    \n
    Consider maybe adding a fuse to the design?
    """
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56 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
      \n
      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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        It looks like 1GΩ (black-brown-white gold). But that doesn't sound likely unless you have a very high voltage bread maker.\n
        \n
        If we treat the black band as discolored-brown, and read it the other way, we get (yellow - white - brown - brown) which is 490Ω and closer to your measured value. I wouldn't rule out (yellow - white red - brown) either at 4.9 kΩ, although that doesn't match closely to your measurement.\n
        \n
        A good question is 'why did the resistor burn?'. If I didn't know why, then I would assume that replacing it will just result in it burning again, although maybe not immediately.
        """
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      Thanks! I’ll try replacing it with a 490 ohm resistor and see if it works again.\n
      \n
      The element in the bread maker looks like it came loose a bit and made slight contact with the internal metal housing. I wonder if that caused the resistive element to sink more current than the PCB was designed for, burning out the resistor.
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    That sounds like a possible fail state. Also shitty design. It should use a resettable thermal fuse or something to detect faults without parts burning.\n
    \n
    Consider maybe adding a fuse to the design?
    """
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57 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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58 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
      \n
      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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    That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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72 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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73 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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74 DENIED moderate 
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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        That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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        That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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        ...but how in the world do you burn a 1 GΩ resistor? That looks sort of like it could be a 1 watt resistor too. So back-of-the-napkin this would have to be from over a 30kV supply. So that sounds a bit off.\n
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        Unless it isn't. One hell of a bread maker then. I want one.
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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        That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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        ...but how in the world do you burn a 1 GΩ resistor? That looks sort of like it could be a 1 watt resistor too. So back-of-the-napkin this would have to be from over a 30kV supply. So that sounds a bit off.\n
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        Unless it isn't. One hell of a bread maker then. I want one.
        """
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    +body: "Only thing I can think of, maybe it’s a bleeder resistor for that cap, and it failed by some kind of internal short which reduced its resistance (and increased its heat dissipation hence the blackened board)? But fails-short is an unusual failure mode for a resistor and 1 GΩ is pretty high even for a bleeder, so maybe we’re misreading something."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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          +body: "According to this, [1GΩ ±5%](https://i.imgur.com/kLYnwEO.jpg)"
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          That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
          \n
          ...but how in the world do you burn a 1 GΩ resistor? That looks sort of like it could be a 1 watt resistor too. So back-of-the-napkin this would have to be from over a 30kV supply. So that sounds a bit off.\n
          \n
          Unless it isn't. One hell of a bread maker then. I want one.
          """
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      +body: "Only thing I can think of, maybe it’s a bleeder resistor for that cap, and it failed by some kind of internal short which reduced its resistance (and increased its heat dissipation hence the blackened board)? But fails-short is an unusual failure mode for a resistor and 1 GΩ is pretty high even for a bleeder, so maybe we’re misreading something."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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      Thanks for any help.
      """
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          +body: "According to this, [1GΩ ±5%](https://i.imgur.com/kLYnwEO.jpg)"
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          That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
          \n
          ...but how in the world do you burn a 1 GΩ resistor? That looks sort of like it could be a 1 watt resistor too. So back-of-the-napkin this would have to be from over a 30kV supply. So that sounds a bit off.\n
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          Unless it isn't. One hell of a bread maker then. I want one.
          """
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      +body: "Only thing I can think of, maybe it’s a bleeder resistor for that cap, and it failed by some kind of internal short which reduced its resistance (and increased its heat dissipation hence the blackened board)? But fails-short is an unusual failure mode for a resistor and 1 GΩ is pretty high even for a bleeder, so maybe we’re misreading something."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
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          That looks correct to me, by the color codes...\n
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          ...but how in the world do you burn a 1 GΩ resistor? That looks sort of like it could be a 1 watt resistor too. So back-of-the-napkin this would have to be from over a 30kV supply. So that sounds a bit off.\n
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          Unless it isn't. One hell of a bread maker then. I want one.
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      +body: "Only thing I can think of, maybe it’s a bleeder resistor for that cap, and it failed by some kind of internal short which reduced its resistance (and increased its heat dissipation hence the blackened board)? But fails-short is an unusual failure mode for a resistor and 1 GΩ is pretty high even for a bleeder, so maybe we’re misreading something."
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      Mates bread maker stopped working so I had a look inside and saw this burned resistor.\n
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      I’m guessing the heat changed the colors a bit so wondering if anyone has experience in reading cooked resistor values.\n
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      I removed it from the PCB and measured it at 403 Ohms.\n
      \n
      Thanks for any help.
      """
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  +body: "You measured the resistor at 403 Ohms? That would qualify it as “not failed” then. Resistors pretty much exclusively fail open, or on rare occasions, out-of-tolerance on the high side. After 5 years of doing electronics diagnostics for USAF aircraft, I never say any other type of resistor failures."
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85 DENIED edit 
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