GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/index.php/u/@WaterWaiver@aussie.zone/commented/2023-08-25::2023-08-25

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.97
Profiled on
Token
6c8e56

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators 
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
 2.63 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
 0.06 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate 
Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1582
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2463 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2448 …}
  +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
  +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
    \n
    My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
    \n
    I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
    \n
    - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
    - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
    \n
    This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
    \n
    So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
    \n
    This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
    \n
    To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
    \n
    This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
    \n
    However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
    \n
    Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
    """
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 11
  +favouriteCount: 17
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1694781042 {#1722
    date: 2023-09-15 14:30:42.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2459 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2457 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1561 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2385 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2372 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1907 …}
  +children: [
    App\Entity\EntryComment {#1606
      +user: App\Entity\User {#265 …}
      +entry: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1582 …2}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: null
      +root: null
      +body: """
        You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger (by a factor of 10x or maybe even 100x). Lookup the input impedance for the ADC of your model of ATmega, as long as it’s >10x the size of your resistors then your circuit will probably be accurate enough.\n
        \n
        A couple more things to keep in mind:\n
        \n
        - a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
        - 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.
        """
      +lang: "en"
      +isAdult: false
      +favouriteCount: 6
      +score: 0
      +lastActive: DateTime @1692964519 {#1428
        date: 2023-08-25 13:55:19.0 +02:00
      }
      +ip: null
      +tags: null
      +mentions: [
        "@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de"
      ]
      +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1572 …}
      +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1581 …}
      +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1579 …}
      +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1577 …}
      +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1573 …}
      +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1650 …}
      -id: 26778
      -bodyTs: "'100x':22 '10k':8 '10x':18,40 '82k':6 '9.6':69 '9v':65,74,75 'accur':52 'actual':68 'adc':29 'alkalin':64 'atmega':34 'batteri':66,76 'bigger':13 'circuit':48 'condit':96 'could':2 'coupl':55 'droop':78 'enough':53 'even':21 'factor':16 'fresh':63 'high':86 'imped':26 'increas':4 'input':25 'intern':87 'keep':59 'load':82 'long':36 'lookup':23 'make':89 'mayb':20 'measur':92 'mind':61 'model':32 'much':12 'notic':79 'probabl':3,50 'resist':88 'resistor':9,45 'size':42 'sure':90 'thing':57 'v':70 'voltag':77"
      +ranking: 0
      +commentCount: 0
      +upVotes: 0
      +downVotes: 0
      +visibility: "visible             "
      +apId: "https://aussie.zone/comment/2116578"
      +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692949446 {#1440
        date: 2023-08-25 09:44:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692949313 {#1434
        date: 2023-08-25 09:41:53.0 +02:00
      }
      +"title": 26778
    }
  ]
  -id: 1944
  -titleTs: "'batteri':5 'circuit':7 'improv':3 'measur':6"
  -bodyTs: "'/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)':152 '/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)':188 '/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)':53 '1.1':69,77 '10':107 '100µa':127 '10kω':88 '5v':5 '9v':12 'abl':73 'ad':178 'adc':85,95,165 'add':137 'address':173 'analog':99 'anyon':213 'approxim':106 'arduino':7 'atmega':83,91 'atmega328p':9 'bad':156 'batteri':28,130,170 'block':13 'bother':118 'buck':16 'chosen':56 'circuit':123 'clone':8 'constant':125 'convert':17 'curious':211 'current':197 'datasheet':92 'discuss.tchncs.de':52,151,187 'discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)':150 'discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)':186 'discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)':51 'divid':50,142 'draw':126,195 'except':198 'figur':239 'first':42 'full':38 'get':33 'great':113 'haven':237 'howev':201 'idea':35,43,216 'imped':104 'input':166 'intern':79 'issu':175 'kω':108 'less':110 'let':22 'like':230 'm':210,246 'measur':26,66,149,184,200 'microcontrol':6,24 'mosfet':139,161,181,225 'next':133 'obvious':155 'occasion':25 'oh':242 'optim':97 'output':67,103 'part':207 'path':185 'pleas':251 'possibl':234 'power':3 'quit':204 'r1':86 'r2':87 'refer':80 'resistor':58 'say':93 'second':180 'see':167 'seem':227 'signal':100 'simpl':48 'sinc':89 'singl':224 'someth':248 'stupid':249 'switch':144 'tell':252 'thought':134 'use':10,46,75 'v':70,78 'valu':59 've':55,177 'voltag':29,49,63,171 'want':20 'whole':169 'work':190"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1693029637
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/post/2309537"
  +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692947232 {#1698
    date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
  }
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692947137 {#1732
    date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
  }
  +__isInitialized__: true
   …2
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
3 DENIED edit 
Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1582
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2463 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2448 …}
  +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
  +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
    \n
    My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
    \n
    I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
    \n
    - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
    - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
    \n
    This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
    \n
    So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
    \n
    This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
    \n
    To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
    \n
    This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
    \n
    However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
    \n
    Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
    """
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 11
  +favouriteCount: 17
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1694781042 {#1722
    date: 2023-09-15 14:30:42.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2459 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2457 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1561 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2385 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2372 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1907 …}
  +children: [
    App\Entity\EntryComment {#1606
      +user: App\Entity\User {#265 …}
      +entry: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1582 …2}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: null
      +root: null
      +body: """
        You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger (by a factor of 10x or maybe even 100x). Lookup the input impedance for the ADC of your model of ATmega, as long as it’s >10x the size of your resistors then your circuit will probably be accurate enough.\n
        \n
        A couple more things to keep in mind:\n
        \n
        - a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
        - 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.
        """
      +lang: "en"
      +isAdult: false
      +favouriteCount: 6
      +score: 0
      +lastActive: DateTime @1692964519 {#1428
        date: 2023-08-25 13:55:19.0 +02:00
      }
      +ip: null
      +tags: null
      +mentions: [
        "@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de"
      ]
      +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1572 …}
      +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1581 …}
      +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1579 …}
      +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1577 …}
      +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1573 …}
      +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1650 …}
      -id: 26778
      -bodyTs: "'100x':22 '10k':8 '10x':18,40 '82k':6 '9.6':69 '9v':65,74,75 'accur':52 'actual':68 'adc':29 'alkalin':64 'atmega':34 'batteri':66,76 'bigger':13 'circuit':48 'condit':96 'could':2 'coupl':55 'droop':78 'enough':53 'even':21 'factor':16 'fresh':63 'high':86 'imped':26 'increas':4 'input':25 'intern':87 'keep':59 'load':82 'long':36 'lookup':23 'make':89 'mayb':20 'measur':92 'mind':61 'model':32 'much':12 'notic':79 'probabl':3,50 'resist':88 'resistor':9,45 'size':42 'sure':90 'thing':57 'v':70 'voltag':77"
      +ranking: 0
      +commentCount: 0
      +upVotes: 0
      +downVotes: 0
      +visibility: "visible             "
      +apId: "https://aussie.zone/comment/2116578"
      +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692949446 {#1440
        date: 2023-08-25 09:44:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692949313 {#1434
        date: 2023-08-25 09:41:53.0 +02:00
      }
      +"title": 26778
    }
  ]
  -id: 1944
  -titleTs: "'batteri':5 'circuit':7 'improv':3 'measur':6"
  -bodyTs: "'/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)':152 '/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)':188 '/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)':53 '1.1':69,77 '10':107 '100µa':127 '10kω':88 '5v':5 '9v':12 'abl':73 'ad':178 'adc':85,95,165 'add':137 'address':173 'analog':99 'anyon':213 'approxim':106 'arduino':7 'atmega':83,91 'atmega328p':9 'bad':156 'batteri':28,130,170 'block':13 'bother':118 'buck':16 'chosen':56 'circuit':123 'clone':8 'constant':125 'convert':17 'curious':211 'current':197 'datasheet':92 'discuss.tchncs.de':52,151,187 'discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)':150 'discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)':186 'discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)':51 'divid':50,142 'draw':126,195 'except':198 'figur':239 'first':42 'full':38 'get':33 'great':113 'haven':237 'howev':201 'idea':35,43,216 'imped':104 'input':166 'intern':79 'issu':175 'kω':108 'less':110 'let':22 'like':230 'm':210,246 'measur':26,66,149,184,200 'microcontrol':6,24 'mosfet':139,161,181,225 'next':133 'obvious':155 'occasion':25 'oh':242 'optim':97 'output':67,103 'part':207 'path':185 'pleas':251 'possibl':234 'power':3 'quit':204 'r1':86 'r2':87 'refer':80 'resistor':58 'say':93 'second':180 'see':167 'seem':227 'signal':100 'simpl':48 'sinc':89 'singl':224 'someth':248 'stupid':249 'switch':144 'tell':252 'thought':134 'use':10,46,75 'v':70,78 'valu':59 've':55,177 'voltag':29,49,63,171 'want':20 'whole':169 'work':190"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1693029637
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/post/2309537"
  +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692947232 {#1698
    date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
  }
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692947137 {#1732
    date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
  }
  +__isInitialized__: true
   …2
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
4 DENIED moderate 
Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1582
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2463 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#2448 …}
  +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
  +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
    \n
    My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
    \n
    I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
    \n
    - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
    - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
    \n
    This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
    \n
    So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
    \n
    This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
    \n
    To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
    \n
    This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
    \n
    However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
    \n
    Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
    """
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        You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger (by a factor of 10x or maybe even 100x). Lookup the input impedance for the ADC of your model of ATmega, as long as it’s >10x the size of your resistors then your circuit will probably be accurate enough.\n
        \n
        A couple more things to keep in mind:\n
        \n
        - a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
        - 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.
        """
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      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
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      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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    You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger (by a factor of 10x or maybe even 100x). Lookup the input impedance for the ADC of your model of ATmega, as long as it’s >10x the size of your resistors then your circuit will probably be accurate enough.\n
    \n
    A couple more things to keep in mind:\n
    \n
    - a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
    - 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.
    """
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      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
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  +body: """
    You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger (by a factor of 10x or maybe even 100x). Lookup the input impedance for the ADC of your model of ATmega, as long as it’s >10x the size of your resistors then your circuit will probably be accurate enough.\n
    \n
    A couple more things to keep in mind:\n
    \n
    - a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
    - 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.
    """
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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     …2
  }
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1574 …}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
  +root: null
  +body: """
    You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger (by a factor of 10x or maybe even 100x). Lookup the input impedance for the ADC of your model of ATmega, as long as it’s >10x the size of your resistors then your circuit will probably be accurate enough.\n
    \n
    A couple more things to keep in mind:\n
    \n
    - a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
    - 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.
    """
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