Symfony Profiler

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name

Security enabled

Stateless

Configuration

Key	Value
provider	security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context	main
entry_point	App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker	App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler	(none)
access_denied_url	(none)
authenticators	[`"two_factor" "remember_me" "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator" "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator" "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator" "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator" "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"`]

Listeners

Listener	Duration	Response
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723`-map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …} -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …} -httpPort: 80 -httpsPort: 443`}	0.00 ms	(none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706-tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …} -sessionKey: "_security_main" -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …} -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …} -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …} -registered: false -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …} -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}}	0.68 ms	(none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584`-authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}`}	0.00 ms	(none)
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582`-twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …} -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …} -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}`}	0.03 ms	(none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579`-tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …} -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …} -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}`}	0.00 ms	(none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786`-tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …} -options: [ "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token" "csrf_token_id" => "logout" "logout_path" => "app_logout" ] -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …} -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …} -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}`}	0.00 ms	(none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy


"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

#	Voter class
1	"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2	"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3	"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4	"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5	"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6	"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7	"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8	"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9	"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10	"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11	"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12	"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13	"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14	"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log


null
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
App\Entity\Entry {#2413
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1973 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#274
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#236 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#221 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#179 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#137 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#199 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#116 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#102 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#80 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#70 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1360 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1792 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
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    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#268
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
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    +apDeletedAt: null
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    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#270
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
  +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
  +title: "Shift register missing bits"
  +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
  +body: """
    Hey friends,\n
    \n
    I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
    \n
    The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
    """
  +type: "image"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: true
  +commentCount: 15
  +favouriteCount: 13
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1695882892 {#2418
    date: 2023-09-28 08:34:52.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1688 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1934 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1965 …}
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  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2439 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2357 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 2357
  -titleTs: "'bit':4 'miss':3 'regist':2 'shift':1"
  -bodyTs: "'/assets/datasheets/74ahc595.pdf))':17 '/tzbq45e.png)':13 '/v5ooe1k.png)':59 '/vpmbdw3.png))':63 '0':116 '0b1000000000000000':112 '0x00ff':131 '1':170 '10':52,158,165 '17':118 '74ahc595':14 '8':125 '9':49 'alreadi':189 'anyth':173 'assembl':208 'bin':111,124,130,167,169 'byte':120,122,126,128,146,156 'chain':8 'clk':89,143,153 'code':41,79 'control':20 'daisi':7 'data':84,140,150 'delay':164 'design':200 'digitalwrit':102,132,159 'en':95,106 'error':196 'esp32':23 'fine':74 'friend':2 'hey':1 'high':31,56,163 'i.imgur.com':12,58,62 'i.imgur.com/tzbq45e.png)':11 'i.imgur.com/v5ooe1k.png)':57 'i.imgur.com/vpmbdw3.png))':61 'idea':180 'input':110,123,129,166,168 'int':114 'issu':209 'latch':100,135,162 'lie':186 'look':191 'low':107,136 'lower':127,145 'm':175 'manufactur':202 'may':185 'msbfirst':144,154 'n':94,105 'next':39 'notic':211 'o':48,51 'one':28,71 'output':29,47,85,90,96,101 'pcb':205 'pinmod':81,86,91,97 'problem':184 'regist':10 'seem':42 'set':27,65 'shift':9,82,87,92,98,103,133,138,141,148,151,160 'shiftdataout':137,147 'short':193 'snip':80 'sourc':197 'stay':55 'switch':36 'time':34 'tri':190 'two':6 'uint16':108 'upper':121,155 'use':78 'usleep':157 've':188 'via':21 'want':25 'wherea':67 'work':44,73 'wrong':177 'www.diodes.com':16 'www.diodes.com/assets/datasheets/74ahc595.pdf))':15 'zoom':60"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1695910961
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/post/3882589"
  +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1695842569 {#1858
    date: 2023-09-27 21:22:49.0 +02:00
  }
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1695841461 {#2388
    date: 2023-09-27 21:04:21.0 +02:00
  }
}
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
App\Entity\Entry {#2413
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1973 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#274
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#236 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#221 …}
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    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#137 …}
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    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#102 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#80 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#70 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1360 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1792 …}
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    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#268
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
    }
    +apDeletedAt: null
    +apTimeoutAt: null
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#270
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
  +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
  +title: "Shift register missing bits"
  +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
  +body: """
    Hey friends,\n
    \n
    I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
    \n
    The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
    """
  +type: "image"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: true
  +commentCount: 15
  +favouriteCount: 13
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1695882892 {#2418
    date: 2023-09-28 08:34:52.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1688 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1934 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1965 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1396 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2439 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2357 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 2357
  -titleTs: "'bit':4 'miss':3 'regist':2 'shift':1"
  -bodyTs: "'/assets/datasheets/74ahc595.pdf))':17 '/tzbq45e.png)':13 '/v5ooe1k.png)':59 '/vpmbdw3.png))':63 '0':116 '0b1000000000000000':112 '0x00ff':131 '1':170 '10':52,158,165 '17':118 '74ahc595':14 '8':125 '9':49 'alreadi':189 'anyth':173 'assembl':208 'bin':111,124,130,167,169 'byte':120,122,126,128,146,156 'chain':8 'clk':89,143,153 'code':41,79 'control':20 'daisi':7 'data':84,140,150 'delay':164 'design':200 'digitalwrit':102,132,159 'en':95,106 'error':196 'esp32':23 'fine':74 'friend':2 'hey':1 'high':31,56,163 'i.imgur.com':12,58,62 'i.imgur.com/tzbq45e.png)':11 'i.imgur.com/v5ooe1k.png)':57 'i.imgur.com/vpmbdw3.png))':61 'idea':180 'input':110,123,129,166,168 'int':114 'issu':209 'latch':100,135,162 'lie':186 'look':191 'low':107,136 'lower':127,145 'm':175 'manufactur':202 'may':185 'msbfirst':144,154 'n':94,105 'next':39 'notic':211 'o':48,51 'one':28,71 'output':29,47,85,90,96,101 'pcb':205 'pinmod':81,86,91,97 'problem':184 'regist':10 'seem':42 'set':27,65 'shift':9,82,87,92,98,103,133,138,141,148,151,160 'shiftdataout':137,147 'short':193 'snip':80 'sourc':197 'stay':55 'switch':36 'time':34 'tri':190 'two':6 'uint16':108 'upper':121,155 'use':78 'usleep':157 've':188 'via':21 'want':25 'wherea':67 'work':44,73 'wrong':177 'www.diodes.com':16 'www.diodes.com/assets/datasheets/74ahc595.pdf))':15 'zoom':60"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1695910961
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/post/3882589"
  +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1695842569 {#1858
    date: 2023-09-27 21:22:49.0 +02:00
  }
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1695841461 {#2388
    date: 2023-09-27 21:04:21.0 +02:00
  }
}
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
App\Entity\Entry {#2413
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1973 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#245 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#274
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#236 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#232 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#221 …}
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  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
  +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
  +title: "Shift register missing bits"
  +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
  +body: """
    Hey friends,\n
    \n
    I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
    \n
    The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
    """
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        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
        \n
        3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
        \n
        4: Be safe.\n
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        ---
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    +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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    -titleTs: "'bit':4 'miss':3 'regist':2 'shift':1"
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      date: 2023-09-27 21:22:49.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-09-27 21:04:21.0 +02:00
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  }
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
  +root: null
  +body: """
    The first two lines of the for loop,\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    don’t really accomplish anything. The first line is bit shifting to the right 8, and then you just bitwise and it resulting in the same thing. For example, starting with `input_bin`:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">1000 0000 0000 0000\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">>> 8\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">0000 0000 1000 0000\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">&amp; 0xFF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">0000 0000 1000 0000\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    So, every time you go through a cycle of the for loop, you’ll just start with the same values in `upper_byte`, and `lower_byte`. To sequentially output each shifted value, you’ll instead want something like:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">output_value = 0b1\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for i = 1 to 16:\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    latch(low)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shift_out(output_value)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    latch(high)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    output_value = output_value &lt;&lt; 1\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    That is, if I interpereted correctly that you want the shift registers to output the following:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">output_count, upper_shift_register, lower_shift_register\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">1, 00000000, 00000001\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">2, 00000000, 00000010\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">3, 00000000, 00000100\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">16, 10000000, 00000000\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Note: Lemmy has a bug where it doesn’t format some symbols correctly, so the left angle bracket gets formatted as `&lt;`. The same issue exists for the right angle bracket, the ampersand, and I would presume others.
    """
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}
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        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
        \n
        3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
        \n
        4: Be safe.\n
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        """
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    +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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    -titleTs: "'bit':4 'miss':3 'regist':2 'shift':1"
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      date: 2023-09-27 21:22:49.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-09-27 21:04:21.0 +02:00
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  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
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  +body: """
    The first two lines of the for loop,\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    don’t really accomplish anything. The first line is bit shifting to the right 8, and then you just bitwise and it resulting in the same thing. For example, starting with `input_bin`:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">1000 0000 0000 0000\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">>> 8\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">0000 0000 1000 0000\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">&amp; 0xFF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">0000 0000 1000 0000\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    So, every time you go through a cycle of the for loop, you’ll just start with the same values in `upper_byte`, and `lower_byte`. To sequentially output each shifted value, you’ll instead want something like:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">output_value = 0b1\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for i = 1 to 16:\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    latch(low)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shift_out(output_value)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    latch(high)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    output_value = output_value &lt;&lt; 1\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    That is, if I interpereted correctly that you want the shift registers to output the following:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">output_count, upper_shift_register, lower_shift_register\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">1, 00000000, 00000001\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">2, 00000000, 00000010\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">3, 00000000, 00000100\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">16, 10000000, 00000000\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Note: Lemmy has a bug where it doesn’t format some symbols correctly, so the left angle bracket gets formatted as `&lt;`. The same issue exists for the right angle bracket, the ampersand, and I would presume others.
    """
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      +description: """
        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
        \n
        3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
        \n
        4: Be safe.\n
        \n
        ---
        """
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    +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#264}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
  +root: null
  +body: """
    The first two lines of the for loop,\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    don’t really accomplish anything. The first line is bit shifting to the right 8, and then you just bitwise and it resulting in the same thing. For example, starting with `input_bin`:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">1000 0000 0000 0000\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">>> 8\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">0000 0000 1000 0000\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">&amp; 0xFF\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">0000 0000 1000 0000\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    So, every time you go through a cycle of the for loop, you’ll just start with the same values in `upper_byte`, and `lower_byte`. To sequentially output each shifted value, you’ll instead want something like:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">output_value = 0b1\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for i = 1 to 16:\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    latch(low)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shift_out(output_value)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    latch(high)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    output_value = output_value &lt;&lt; 1\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    That is, if I interpereted correctly that you want the shift registers to output the following:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">output_count, upper_shift_register, lower_shift_register\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">1, 00000000, 00000001\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">2, 00000000, 00000010\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">3, 00000000, 00000100\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">.\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">16, 10000000, 00000000\n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Note: Lemmy has a bug where it doesn’t format some symbols correctly, so the left angle bracket gets formatted as `&lt;`. The same issue exists for the right angle bracket, the ampersand, and I would presume others.
    """
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  ]
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        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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        \n
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    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
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      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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  }
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"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
App\Entity\EntryComment {#4077
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      +description: """
        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
        \n
        3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
        \n
        4: Be safe.\n
        \n
        ---
        """
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    +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
    +type: "image"
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}
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
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      +description: """
        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
        \n
        3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
        \n
        4: Be safe.\n
        \n
        ---
        """
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    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
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        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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        \n
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    +image: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#1978 …}
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1889 …}
    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
    +type: "image"
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      +description: """
        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
        -----\n
        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
        \n
        3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
        \n
        4: Be safe.\n
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    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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        **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
        \n
        Rules\n
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        \n
        1: Be nice.\n
        \n
        2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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        \n
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    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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        \n
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    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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        \n
        Rules\n
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    +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
    +title: "Shift register missing bits"
    +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
    +body: """
      Hey friends,\n
      \n
      I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
      \n
      The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
      \n
      ```\n
      \n
      <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
      </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
      </span>\n
      ```\n
      \n
      Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
      """
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"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
App\Entity\Magazine {#264
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    Rules\n
    -----\n
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    \n
    2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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}
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

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