GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/index.php/m/askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de/commented/%E2%88%9E/all?p=1

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
0.00 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
1.10 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
0.00 ms (none)
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
0.07 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
0.00 ms (none)
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER
null
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
ACCESS DENIED
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate
App\Entity\Entry {#1359
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1643 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#400
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#302 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#329
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#283 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#276 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#265 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#223 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#181 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#243 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#160 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#146 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#124 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#114 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#103 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#90 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apProfileId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apPublicUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#326
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
    }
    +apDeletedAt: null
    +apTimeoutAt: null
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#328
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1941 …}
  +slug: "Is-harvesting-small-amounts-of-electricity-a-fools-errand"
  +title: "Is “harvesting” small amounts of electricity a fools errand?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    Serious question from a beginner in electronics. For reasons I do not fully understand, I have become fixated on the idea of collecting small amounts of electricity from “interesting” sources. I don’t mean “free energy”, instead, I mean things like extracting a few mV from being so close to a AM radio tower using two tuned loop antennas in phase with each other, or getting a few mV from the rain’s kinetic energy with PTFE and using two electrodes which are shorted when a drop of rain hits it. In short, I’ve done small experiments to confirm that I can get a few mV and enough to get me excited but not much more. I know I’m not going to get much power out of this, but I’ve been able to charge a NiMH battery a few mV by being a quarter mile from an AM radio station with my antenna setup. It would be fascinating to me if I could store these small charges in something like a 5V USB power brick eventually.\n
    \n
    The smarter idea would be for me to harvest energy with the sun or from the wind or a stream. I’m tinkering with this as well, but larger amounts of electricity scare me for right now. I guess I’ve seen enough experimental sources of harvesting electricity and I’ve gotten the itch to invent, which is a dangerous itch for a newbie like me to have.\n
    \n
    The best advice I’ve seen online (ok, it was ChatGPT) is that it’s just not worth it to work with such small amounts of electricity, because the equipment required is too expensive and sophisticated (e.g, devices to read the charge of a capacitor without discharging it) to make anything that’s efficient enough to be worthwhile. Would you agree? Do you know of some other fascinating source of gathering electricity that I should also waste lots of time on?\n
    \n
    I just have all these electronic components and magnets and when I move them together the numbers on multimeter get bigger. it’s neat.
    """
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 43
  +favouriteCount: 39
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1692697842 {#1374
    date: 2023-08-22 11:50:42.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1379 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1627 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2167 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1391 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1432 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1433 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 1870
  -titleTs: "'amount':4 'electr':6 'errand':9 'fool':8 'harvest':2 'small':3"
  -bodyTs: "'5v':175 'abl':135 'advic':250 'agre':308 'also':323 'amount':25,209,272 'antenna':59,156 'anyth':298 'batteri':140 'becom':17 'beginn':5 'best':249 'bigger':349 'brick':178 'capacitor':292 'charg':137,170,289 'chatgpt':258 'close':49 'collect':23 'compon':335 'confirm':100 'could':166 'danger':239 'devic':285 'discharg':294 'done':96 'drop':87 'e.g':284 'effici':301 'electr':27,211,227,274,319 'electrod':81 'electron':7,334 'energi':36,75,189 'enough':109,222,302 'equip':277 'eventu':179 'excit':113 'expens':281 'experi':98 'experiment':223 'extract':42 'fascin':161,315 'fixat':18 'free':35 'fulli':13 'gather':318 'get':66,104,111,125,348 'go':123 'gotten':231 'guess':218 'harvest':188,226 'hit':90 'idea':21,182 'instead':37 'interest':29 'invent':235 'itch':233,240 'kinet':74 'know':119,311 'larger':208 'like':41,173,244 'loop':58 'lot':325 'm':121,201 'magnet':337 'make':297 'mean':34,39 'mile':148 'move':341 'much':116,126 'multimet':347 'mv':45,69,107,143 'neat':352 'newbi':243 'nimh':139 'number':345 'ok':255 'onlin':254 'phase':61 'power':127,177 'ptfe':77 'quarter':147 'question':2 'radio':53,152 'rain':72,89 'read':287 'reason':9 'requir':278 'right':215 'scare':212 'seen':221,253 'serious':1 'setup':157 'short':84,93 'small':24,97,169,271 'smarter':181 'someth':172 'sophist':283 'sourc':30,224,316 'station':153 'store':167 'stream':199 'sun':192 'thing':40 'time':327 'tinker':202 'togeth':343 'tower':54 'tune':57 'two':56,80 'understand':14 'usb':176 'use':55,79 've':95,133,220,230,252 'wast':324 'well':206 'wind':196 'without':293 'work':268 'worth':265 'worthwhil':305 'would':159,183,306"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1692469967
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://sh.itjust.works/post/3150095"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692383567 {#1935
    date: 2023-08-18 20:32:47.0 +02:00
  }
}
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
ACCESS DENIED
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
3 DENIED edit
App\Entity\Entry {#1359
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1643 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#400
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#302 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#329
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#283 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#276 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#265 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#223 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#181 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#243 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#160 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#146 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#124 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#114 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#103 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#90 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apProfileId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apPublicUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#326
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
    }
    +apDeletedAt: null
    +apTimeoutAt: null
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1687144409 {#328
      date: 2023-06-19 05:13:29.0 +02:00
    }
  }
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1941 …}
  +slug: "Is-harvesting-small-amounts-of-electricity-a-fools-errand"
  +title: "Is “harvesting” small amounts of electricity a fools errand?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    Serious question from a beginner in electronics. For reasons I do not fully understand, I have become fixated on the idea of collecting small amounts of electricity from “interesting” sources. I don’t mean “free energy”, instead, I mean things like extracting a few mV from being so close to a AM radio tower using two tuned loop antennas in phase with each other, or getting a few mV from the rain’s kinetic energy with PTFE and using two electrodes which are shorted when a drop of rain hits it. In short, I’ve done small experiments to confirm that I can get a few mV and enough to get me excited but not much more. I know I’m not going to get much power out of this, but I’ve been able to charge a NiMH battery a few mV by being a quarter mile from an AM radio station with my antenna setup. It would be fascinating to me if I could store these small charges in something like a 5V USB power brick eventually.\n
    \n
    The smarter idea would be for me to harvest energy with the sun or from the wind or a stream. I’m tinkering with this as well, but larger amounts of electricity scare me for right now. I guess I’ve seen enough experimental sources of harvesting electricity and I’ve gotten the itch to invent, which is a dangerous itch for a newbie like me to have.\n
    \n
    The best advice I’ve seen online (ok, it was ChatGPT) is that it’s just not worth it to work with such small amounts of electricity, because the equipment required is too expensive and sophisticated (e.g, devices to read the charge of a capacitor without discharging it) to make anything that’s efficient enough to be worthwhile. Would you agree? Do you know of some other fascinating source of gathering electricity that I should also waste lots of time on?\n
    \n
    I just have all these electronic components and magnets and when I move them together the numbers on multimeter get bigger. it’s neat.
    """
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 43
  +favouriteCount: 39
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1692697842 {#1374
    date: 2023-08-22 11:50:42.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1379 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1627 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2167 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1391 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1432 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1433 …}
  +children: []
  -id: 1870
  -titleTs: "'amount':4 'electr':6 'errand':9 'fool':8 'harvest':2 'small':3"
  -bodyTs: "'5v':175 'abl':135 'advic':250 'agre':308 'also':323 'amount':25,209,272 'antenna':59,156 'anyth':298 'batteri':140 'becom':17 'beginn':5 'best':249 'bigger':349 'brick':178 'capacitor':292 'charg':137,170,289 'chatgpt':258 'close':49 'collect':23 'compon':335 'confirm':100 'could':166 'danger':239 'devic':285 'discharg':294 'done':96 'drop':87 'e.g':284 'effici':301 'electr':27,211,227,274,319 'electrod':81 'electron':7,334 'energi':36,75,189 'enough':109,222,302 'equip':277 'eventu':179 'excit':113 'expens':281 'experi':98 'experiment':223 'extract':42 'fascin':161,315 'fixat':18 'free':35 'fulli':13 'gather':318 'get':66,104,111,125,348 'go':123 'gotten':231 'guess':218 'harvest':188,226 'hit':90 'idea':21,182 'instead':37 'interest':29 'invent':235 'itch':233,240 'kinet':74 'know':119,311 'larger':208 'like':41,173,244 'loop':58 'lot':325 'm':121,201 'magnet':337 'make':297 'mean':34,39 'mile':148 'move':341 'much':116,126 'multimet':347 'mv':45,69,107,143 'neat':352 'newbi':243 'nimh':139 'number':345 'ok':255 'onlin':254 'phase':61 'power':127,177 'ptfe':77 'quarter':147 'question':2 'radio':53,152 'rain':72,89 'read':287 'reason':9 'requir':278 'right':215 'scare':212 'seen':221,253 'serious':1 'setup':157 'short':84,93 'small':24,97,169,271 'smarter':181 'someth':172 'sophist':283 'sourc':30,224,316 'station':153 'store':167 'stream':199 'sun':192 'thing':40 'time':327 'tinker':202 'togeth':343 'tower':54 'tune':57 'two':56,80 'understand':14 'usb':176 'use':55,79 've':95,133,220,230,252 'wast':324 'well':206 'wind':196 'without':293 'work':268 'worth':265 'worthwhil':305 'would':159,183,306"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1692469967
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://sh.itjust.works/post/3150095"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692383567 {#1935
    date: 2023-08-18 20:32:47.0 +02:00
  }
}
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
ACCESS DENIED
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
4 DENIED moderate
App\Entity\Entry {#1359
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1643 …}
  +magazine: App\Entity\Magazine {#400
    +icon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Image {#302 …}
    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +title: "askelectronics"
    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
      4: Be safe.\n
      \n
      ---
      """
    +rules: null
    +subscriptionsCount: 1
    +entryCount: 154
    +entryCommentCount: 1230
    +postCount: 1
    +postCommentCount: 4
    +isAdult: false
    +customCss: null
    +lastActive: DateTime @1729413608 {#329
      date: 2024-10-20 10:40:08.0 +02:00
    }
    +markedForDeletionAt: null
    +tags: null
    +moderators: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#283 …}
    +ownershipRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#276 …}
    +moderatorRequests: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#265 …}
    +entries: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#223 …}
    +posts: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#181 …}
    +subscriptions: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#243 …}
    +bans: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#160 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#146 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#124 …}
    +logs: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#114 …}
    +awards: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#103 …}
    +categories: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#90 …}
    -id: 11
    +apId: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apProfileId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apPublicUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics"
    +apFollowersUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/c/askelectronics/followers"
    +apInboxUrl: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/inbox"
    +apDomain: "discuss.tchncs.de"
    +apPreferredUsername: "askelectronics"
    +apDiscoverable: true
    +apManuallyApprovesFollowers: null
    +privateKey: null
    +publicKey: null
    +apFetchedAt: DateTime @1727247714 {#326
      date: 2024-09-25 09:01:54.0 +02:00
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    Serious question from a beginner in electronics. For reasons I do not fully understand, I have become fixated on the idea of collecting small amounts of electricity from “interesting” sources. I don’t mean “free energy”, instead, I mean things like extracting a few mV from being so close to a AM radio tower using two tuned loop antennas in phase with each other, or getting a few mV from the rain’s kinetic energy with PTFE and using two electrodes which are shorted when a drop of rain hits it. In short, I’ve done small experiments to confirm that I can get a few mV and enough to get me excited but not much more. I know I’m not going to get much power out of this, but I’ve been able to charge a NiMH battery a few mV by being a quarter mile from an AM radio station with my antenna setup. It would be fascinating to me if I could store these small charges in something like a 5V USB power brick eventually.\n
    \n
    The smarter idea would be for me to harvest energy with the sun or from the wind or a stream. I’m tinkering with this as well, but larger amounts of electricity scare me for right now. I guess I’ve seen enough experimental sources of harvesting electricity and I’ve gotten the itch to invent, which is a dangerous itch for a newbie like me to have.\n
    \n
    The best advice I’ve seen online (ok, it was ChatGPT) is that it’s just not worth it to work with such small amounts of electricity, because the equipment required is too expensive and sophisticated (e.g, devices to read the charge of a capacitor without discharging it) to make anything that’s efficient enough to be worthwhile. Would you agree? Do you know of some other fascinating source of gathering electricity that I should also waste lots of time on?\n
    \n
    I just have all these electronic components and magnets and when I move them together the numbers on multimeter get bigger. it’s neat.
    """
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Show voter details
13 DENIED ROLE_USER
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Show voter details
14 DENIED moderate
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      -----\n
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Show voter details
15 DENIED edit
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Show voter details
19 DENIED edit
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Show voter details
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Show voter details
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26 DENIED moderate
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35 DENIED edit
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Show voter details
36 DENIED moderate
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Show voter details
37 DENIED ROLE_USER
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Show voter details
38 DENIED moderate
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Show voter details
39 DENIED edit
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Show voter details
40 DENIED moderate
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Show voter details
41 DENIED ROLE_USER
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Show voter details
42 DENIED moderate
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    Circuit is for controlling the fan on a Raspberry Pi, just on/off according to temp, no PWM. Not sure about the diode as it has a .7V drop and it’s a tiny brushless DC motor. No markings on the fan so I measured the current with a multimeter when hooking it up to a USB charger. Circuit was adapted from [here](https://howchoo.com/g/ote2mjkzzta/control-raspberry-pi-fan-temperature-python) using what I have on hand.\n
    \n
    Suggestions? Any advice is greatly appreciated!\n
    \n
    *EDIT: Confirmed, this circuit works on a Raspberry Pi 4. Base was wired to GPIO 17 and manually tested using commands:\n
    \n
    raspi-gpio set 17 op dh\n
    \n
    raspi-gpio set 17 op dl\n
    \n
    I didn’t use a breadboard, just hack-n-slash with the wires coming out of the fan, the leads on the thru hole components, a jumper connected to gpio 17 as a socket for the base/resistor lead, and heat shrink tubing for insulation. Folded it up as I closed the housing. Case combo including heatsinks and fan [here](https://a.co/d/bNQ5u4f).
    """
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Show voter details
43 DENIED edit
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      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
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      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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    Circuit is for controlling the fan on a Raspberry Pi, just on/off according to temp, no PWM. Not sure about the diode as it has a .7V drop and it’s a tiny brushless DC motor. No markings on the fan so I measured the current with a multimeter when hooking it up to a USB charger. Circuit was adapted from [here](https://howchoo.com/g/ote2mjkzzta/control-raspberry-pi-fan-temperature-python) using what I have on hand.\n
    \n
    Suggestions? Any advice is greatly appreciated!\n
    \n
    *EDIT: Confirmed, this circuit works on a Raspberry Pi 4. Base was wired to GPIO 17 and manually tested using commands:\n
    \n
    raspi-gpio set 17 op dh\n
    \n
    raspi-gpio set 17 op dl\n
    \n
    I didn’t use a breadboard, just hack-n-slash with the wires coming out of the fan, the leads on the thru hole components, a jumper connected to gpio 17 as a socket for the base/resistor lead, and heat shrink tubing for insulation. Folded it up as I closed the housing. Case combo including heatsinks and fan [here](https://a.co/d/bNQ5u4f).
    """
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS DENIED
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
44 DENIED moderate
App\Entity\Entry {#1720
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      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
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    Circuit is for controlling the fan on a Raspberry Pi, just on/off according to temp, no PWM. Not sure about the diode as it has a .7V drop and it’s a tiny brushless DC motor. No markings on the fan so I measured the current with a multimeter when hooking it up to a USB charger. Circuit was adapted from [here](https://howchoo.com/g/ote2mjkzzta/control-raspberry-pi-fan-temperature-python) using what I have on hand.\n
    \n
    Suggestions? Any advice is greatly appreciated!\n
    \n
    *EDIT: Confirmed, this circuit works on a Raspberry Pi 4. Base was wired to GPIO 17 and manually tested using commands:\n
    \n
    raspi-gpio set 17 op dh\n
    \n
    raspi-gpio set 17 op dl\n
    \n
    I didn’t use a breadboard, just hack-n-slash with the wires coming out of the fan, the leads on the thru hole components, a jumper connected to gpio 17 as a socket for the base/resistor lead, and heat shrink tubing for insulation. Folded it up as I closed the housing. Case combo including heatsinks and fan [here](https://a.co/d/bNQ5u4f).
    """
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
45 DENIED ROLE_USER
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
46 DENIED moderate
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS DENIED
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
47 DENIED edit
App\Entity\Entry {#2460
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      Rules\n
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS DENIED
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
48 DENIED moderate
App\Entity\Entry {#2460
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      Rules\n
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"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS DENIED
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
49 DENIED ROLE_USER
null
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS DENIED
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
50 DENIED moderate
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ACCESS DENIED
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
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ACCESS ABSTAIN
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
51 DENIED edit
App\Entity\Entry {#2360
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    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
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      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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  +slug: "Sanity-check-for-LiFePO4-Charger-Design"
  +title: "Sanity check for LiFePO4 Charger Design"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    So, there are these great 32700 LiFePO4 batteries that showed up in my local industrial market. For like USD 2$!\n
    \n
    However, there are no LiFePO4 chargers available. The vendors assure me I can “totally use” a 4.2V Li-ion charger, but I don’t believe them (although the cells test as being in good shape).\n
    \n
    I whipped up a 5V system with a buck converter managed by an MCU. It turns off the buck converter that charges the battery, measures the battery voltage, and if it’s under 3.6V it enables the buck converter. Repeats every few 100s of milliseconds.\n
    \n
    Did I overengineer this? Could I have just used a linear voltage regulator that outputs 3.6V (or a Zener), and a current-limited 5v power supply?\n
    \n
    Charge speed is not really important in my application. Anything under 4 hours is great. Frankly, I’m just trying to phase out the less safe kinds of lithium cell in my lab.
    """
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      Rules\n
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  +title: "Shift register missing bits"
  +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
  +body: """
    Hey friends,\n
    \n
    I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
    \n
    The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
    """
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59 DENIED edit
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      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
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  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1581 …}
  +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
  +title: "Shift register missing bits"
  +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
  +body: """
    Hey friends,\n
    \n
    I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
    \n
    The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
    """
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      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
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  +slug: "Shift-register-missing-bits"
  +title: "Shift register missing bits"
  +url: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/7da4f08e-8d93-4cf1-99c9-22f2aea08d32.png"
  +body: """
    Hey friends,\n
    \n
    I have a two [daisy chained shift registers](https://i.imgur.com/tZBQ45e.png) ([74AHC595](https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/74AHC595.pdf)) which are controlled via an ESP32. I want to set one output to high at a time before switching to the next.\n
    \n
    The code seems to work, but the outputs O_9 and O_10 are not [staying high](https://i.imgur.com/v5OOE1K.png) ([zoom](https://i.imgur.com/VpMbdW3.png)) after setting them, whereas all the other ones are working fine. This is the used code snipped:\n
    \n
    ```\n
    \n
    <span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_CLK, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">pinMode(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, OUTPUT);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_N_EN, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">uint16_t input_bin = 0b1000000000000000;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">for(int i=0; i&lt;17; i++){\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte upper_byte = input_bin >> 8;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    byte lower_byte = input_bin &amp; 0x00FF;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, LOW);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, lower_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    shiftDataOut(SHIFT_OUT_DATA, SHIFT_OUT_CLK, MSBFIRST, upper_byte);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    usleep(10);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    digitalWrite(SHIFT_OUT_LATCH, HIGH);\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    delay(10)\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">    input_bin = input_bin>>1;\n
    </span><span style="color:#323232;">} \n
    </span>\n
    ```\n
    \n
    Is there anything I’m doing wrong, or any idea on where the problem may lie? I’ve already tried looking for shorts and other error sources, but the design was manufactured on a PCB and no assembly issues are noticeable.
    """
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      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
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  +body: "Hello, we are making a thesis where we use MOSFETs as an alternative radiation detector. So to explain it, it works when the mosfet is irradiated with an external radiation source; its voltage threshold increases, which will be used to determine the radiation dose. I'm currently asking for help on how we measure the voltage threshold. BTW, we are using an n-channel MOSFET (model: IRFP250NPbF). Also in the datasheet provided by the manufacturer, it says here VGS(th)/Gate Threshold Voltage Min: 2.0 ––– Max: 4.0 V. There is a condition here with VDS = VGS, ID = 250 A. Does this mean that to measure the VGS, we need to first satisfy the conditions? To measure the voltage threshold, what node will we use to measure the VGS (th)? Is it at the drain to the source terminal or still at the gate to the source terminal? Feel free to share your thoughts, if you have any. I would also like to add that we have already tried to supply a voltage at the gate with respect to the source terminal. We use a 4 V supply voltage, and when we tried to measure the VDS (drain to source voltage), there was a voltage drop, so we've got a 3.5 V. Also, we are using an Arduino to measure its voltage and a multimeter for checking."
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    +name: "askelectronics@discuss.tchncs.de"
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    +description: """
      **For questions about component-level electronic circuits, tools and equipment.**\n
      \n
      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
      1: Be nice.\n
      \n
      2: Be on-topic (eg: *Electronic*, not *electrical*).\n
      \n
      3: No commercial stuff, buying, selling or valuations.\n
      \n
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    Hi,\n
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    I’m looking for some help in a field that is super technical and I don’t fully understand.\n
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    \n
    They go over the circuit board requirements quite thoroughly so I don’t think designing it will be too difficult, but what I don’t know is, they say that you need impedance matching on the circuit, and I see that there appears to be something that looks like it on the ESP circuit diagram, but I’m not actually sure if it is or not:\n
    \n
    You can see it in the middle near the bottom of the diagram here: [Seeeduino-XIAO-ESP32C3-SCH](https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/XIAO_WiFi/Resources/Seeeduino-XIAO-ESP32C3-SCH.pdf)\n
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    Edit: Found [this](https://www.digikey.ie/en/products/detail/hirose-electric-co-ltd/U-FL-PR-SMT2-5-1-10/2201792) SMD female U.FL, so they do exist.
    """
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    Hi,\n
    \n
    I’m looking for some help in a field that is super technical and I don’t fully understand.\n
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    I’m planning on using a bunch of these seeed studio Esp modules for some home automation projects, especially because they have a lipo battery charger making it great for portable stuff.\n
    \n
    The thing is the the ESP32s have U.FL SMD antenna connectors. Most of the antennas that you can buy with U.FL connections while are reasonably small, come with 50-150mm leads, which sort of makes the small size of the module a little less valid.\n
    \n
    What I’d like to do is get a female U.FL SMD connector and make a small daugherboard with an 2.4GHz SMD antenna on it, for instance a [Janson 2450AT42B100](https://www.johansontechnology.com/datasheets/2450AT42B100/2450AT42B100.pdf) or a [Molex 479480001](https://tools.molex.com/pdm_docs/as/AS-47948-001-001.pdf).\n
    \n
    They go over the circuit board requirements quite thoroughly so I don’t think designing it will be too difficult, but what I don’t know is, they say that you need impedance matching on the circuit, and I see that there appears to be something that looks like it on the ESP circuit diagram, but I’m not actually sure if it is or not:\n
    \n
    You can see it in the middle near the bottom of the diagram here: [Seeeduino-XIAO-ESP32C3-SCH](https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/XIAO_WiFi/Resources/Seeeduino-XIAO-ESP32C3-SCH.pdf)\n
    \n
    **So my questions are:**\n
    \n
    1: Is this a dumb idea, having a direct plug-on SMD antenna?\n
    \n
    2: Is that an impedance matchning circuit between LNA_IN on the ESP chip and U.FL-R-SMT-1?\n
    \n
    3: If I can’t get a female U.FL SMD connector, would using one with a lead and shortening it to make the daughterboard able to be much closer to the connector affect anything? Do I need to ensure that the lead length matches the wavelength at all?\n
    \n
    Edit: Found [this](https://www.digikey.ie/en/products/detail/hirose-electric-co-ltd/U-FL-PR-SMT2-5-1-10/2201792) SMD female U.FL, so they do exist.
    """
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    Hi,\n
    \n
    I’m looking for some help in a field that is super technical and I don’t fully understand.\n
    \n
    I’m planning on using a bunch of these seeed studio Esp modules for some home automation projects, especially because they have a lipo battery charger making it great for portable stuff.\n
    \n
    The thing is the the ESP32s have U.FL SMD antenna connectors. Most of the antennas that you can buy with U.FL connections while are reasonably small, come with 50-150mm leads, which sort of makes the small size of the module a little less valid.\n
    \n
    What I’d like to do is get a female U.FL SMD connector and make a small daugherboard with an 2.4GHz SMD antenna on it, for instance a [Janson 2450AT42B100](https://www.johansontechnology.com/datasheets/2450AT42B100/2450AT42B100.pdf) or a [Molex 479480001](https://tools.molex.com/pdm_docs/as/AS-47948-001-001.pdf).\n
    \n
    They go over the circuit board requirements quite thoroughly so I don’t think designing it will be too difficult, but what I don’t know is, they say that you need impedance matching on the circuit, and I see that there appears to be something that looks like it on the ESP circuit diagram, but I’m not actually sure if it is or not:\n
    \n
    You can see it in the middle near the bottom of the diagram here: [Seeeduino-XIAO-ESP32C3-SCH](https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/XIAO_WiFi/Resources/Seeeduino-XIAO-ESP32C3-SCH.pdf)\n
    \n
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    \n
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    \n
    2: Is that an impedance matchning circuit between LNA_IN on the ESP chip and U.FL-R-SMT-1?\n
    \n
    3: If I can’t get a female U.FL SMD connector, would using one with a lead and shortening it to make the daughterboard able to be much closer to the connector affect anything? Do I need to ensure that the lead length matches the wavelength at all?\n
    \n
    Edit: Found [this](https://www.digikey.ie/en/products/detail/hirose-electric-co-ltd/U-FL-PR-SMT2-5-1-10/2201792) SMD female U.FL, so they do exist.
    """
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    \n
    I have looked at I2C, which for the most part would be fine, but as far as I understand it was not meant to be sent through a wire and it would be quite vulnerable to interference. (It also is by default a master-slave protocol, but it also has a multi-master mode, so maybe making every device a slave and a multi-master master at the same time could work?)\n
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    \n
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    Hi everyone! Recently I have gotten interested in communication protocols and have been looking for one (with little success, hence my question) which would satisfy the following requirements (in prioritized order):\n
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    \n
    • Devices should be able to address messages directly to one another without a single one permanently taking on some host/master/relay role\n
    \n
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    \n
    • It should be simple, implementable even on low-perfomance microcontrollers.\n
    \n
    • It should have its maximum transfer rate in the kilobytes per second range or preferably even megabytes per second.\n
    \n
    I have looked at I2C, which for the most part would be fine, but as far as I understand it was not meant to be sent through a wire and it would be quite vulnerable to interference. (It also is by default a master-slave protocol, but it also has a multi-master mode, so maybe making every device a slave and a multi-master master at the same time could work?)\n
    \n
    The rest of the protocols I looked at were all master-slave, which, for my purpose, is unacceptable.\n
    \n
    That being said, I would be grateful if you could give me some pointers as to what protocol may satisfy these requirements and perhaps even on what sort of wires and signals it would require (twisted pairs? Differential signal? Shielded twisted pairs? Could plain simple wire suffice? etc.)
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    Hi everyone! Recently I have gotten interested in communication protocols and have been looking for one (with little success, hence my question) which would satisfy the following requirements (in prioritized order):\n
    \n
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    \n
    • Devices should be able to address messages directly to one another without a single one permanently taking on some host/master/relay role\n
    \n
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    \n
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    \n
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    \n
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83 DENIED edit
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86 DENIED moderate
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      Rules\n
      -----\n
      \n
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Show voter details
87 DENIED edit
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    Since I never understood op-amps from reading or practicing problems I wanted to build a circuit to probe around and use different resistor values to set the amplification.\n
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    2. What exactly is wrong with the circuit I built? I want the LED to only turn on when 5V is supplied at the input, right now the LED can turn on if I connect the ground to the voltage rail supply even without an input voltage.\n
    3. I’ve seen the post on Adafruit with the feedback resistors connected to the same ground as the rail supply, but the circuit diagram does not show where the input voltage ground is? Link: [blog.adafruit.com/…/ask-an-educator-making-a-non-…](https://blog.adafruit.com/2012/06/13/ask-an-educator-making-a-non-inverting-op-amp-circuit-on-a-breadboard/)
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    What I've done is take a large 2n3055 BJT NPN power transistor, and decap it (it is a large metal-can type). Then I carefully removed any coating from the exposed silicon (it typically has a dab of silicone potting compound on it).\n
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    \n
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    What I've done is take a large 2n3055 BJT NPN power transistor, and decap it (it is a large metal-can type). Then I carefully removed any coating from the exposed silicon (it typically has a dab of silicone potting compound on it).\n
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    What I've done is take a large 2n3055 BJT NPN power transistor, and decap it (it is a large metal-can type). Then I carefully removed any coating from the exposed silicon (it typically has a dab of silicone potting compound on it).\n
    \n
    Then, I had a weak alpha source at ~5MeV lying around the lab from previous work. This was inserted into the can with the beam facing downward towards the exposed silicon, and the can reattached and made lightproof.\n
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    Then I threw together the circuit shown here using the modified transistor (the base is left floating). What I expected to happen was that at TP1 (relative to GND), with my scope AC-coupled, I should see small voltage spikes followed by a decay. This is caused by alpha particles impacting the silicon and knocking loose enough electrons to permit some current flow.\n
    \n
    However, I just see... more or less nothing, maybe some electrical noise from fluorescent lamps in the room next door. Certainly not the spike+decay curve I've seen with other detectors.\n
    \n
    Did I make a wrong assumption somewhere? It's been a while since I worked with discrete transistors much, and I feel like I am missing something silly.\n
    \n
    Or is this more or less right, and I should maybe question whether my alpha source is still good? Or whether the signal strength is in a voltage domain I can even clearly see without amplification? Or maybe I should suspect that a thin passivating glass layer is added to big BJTs these days, enough to block the alpha?\n
    \n
    The source is past expiry, but not by that much. I'm mostly interested in characterizing and documenting the detector as an academic exercise.
    """
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  +body: "I'm planning to add a momentary switch to a single loop DC circuit. Will this cause any amount of resistance in the circuit? I'm a complete noobie when it comes to electronics, any resource links or clarification is appreciated. I know the type of material/width of wire and a pot will cause resistance but will any component put in line with the circuit cause resistance, and if so how do I go about measuring the resistance for each component within the circuit?"
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