GET https://kbin.spritesserver.nl/index.php/u/@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de/top/2023-08-25::2023-08-25

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.108
Profiled on
Token
e63d85

Security

Token

There is no security token.

Firewall

main Name
Security enabled
Stateless

Configuration

Key Value
provider security.user.provider.concrete.app_user_provider
context main
entry_point App\Security\KbinAuthenticator
user_checker App\Security\UserChecker
access_denied_handler (none)
access_denied_url (none)
authenticators 
[
  "two_factor"
  "remember_me"
  "App\Security\KbinAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\FacebookAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GoogleAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\GithubAuthenticator"
  "App\Security\KeycloakAuthenticator"
]

Listeners

Listener Duration Response 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ChannelListener {#723
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -httpPort: 80
  -httpsPort: 443
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener {#706
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\TokenStorage {#1017 …}
  -sessionKey: "_security_main"
  -logger: Monolog\Logger {#783 …}
  -userProviders: Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\RewindableGenerator {#705 …}
  -dispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
  -registered: false
  -trustResolver: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authentication\AuthenticationTrustResolver {#780 …}
  -sessionTrackerEnabler: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage::enableUsageTracking(): void {#703 …}
}
 1.10 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AuthenticatorManagerListener {#584
  -authenticatorManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authentication\AuthenticatorManager {#595 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Http\Firewall\TwoFactorAccessListener {#582
  -twoFactorFirewallConfig: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\TwoFactor\TwoFactorFirewallConfig {#842 …}
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -twoFactorAccessDecider: Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\TwoFactorAccessDecider {#581 …}
}
 0.04 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\AccessListener {#579
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -accessDecisionManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\TraceableAccessDecisionManager {#937 …}
  -map: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\AccessMap {#722 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none) 
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\LogoutListener {#786
  -tokenStorage: Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage {#1018 …}
  -options: [
    "csrf_parameter" => "_csrf_token"
    "csrf_token_id" => "logout"
    "logout_path" => "app_logout"
  ]
  -httpUtils: Symfony\Component\Security\Http\HttpUtils {#841 …}
  -csrfTokenManager: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#1015 …}
  -eventDispatcher: Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher {#747 …}
}
 0.00 ms (none)

Authenticators

No authenticators have been recorded. Check previous profiles on your authentication endpoint.

Access Decision

affirmative Strategy
# Voter class
1 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\AuthenticatedVoter"
2 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
3 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
4 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\ExpressionVoter"
5 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
6 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
7 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
8 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
9 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
10 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
11 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
12 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
13 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
14 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"

Access decision log

# Result Attributes Object
1 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
2 DENIED moderate 
Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2023 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
  +slug: "Can-anyone-help-how-to-fix-my-led"
  +title: "Can anyone help how to fix my led?"
  +url: null
  +body: "Is there a way to figure out my LED board and fix it myself? I got this LED light which works perfectly but the issue is the usb charger port on the left is not working for whatever reason. There are two ports one micro for charging the led and one usb for outlet charging. Is there a way to switch the charging to the usb port? If you guys have any resources for learning I would appreciate it too, I will get my feet wet and hopefully figure it out myself…"
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 4
  +favouriteCount: 4
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1693319795 {#2369
    date: 2023-08-29 16:36:35.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2289 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2060 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2325 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2329 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2323 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2300 …}
  +children: [
    App\Entity\EntryComment {#1619
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707 …2}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: null
      +root: null
      +body: "Could you share a picture? I’m having trouble imagining what you are describing"
      +lang: "en"
      +isAdult: false
      +favouriteCount: 3
      +score: 0
      +lastActive: DateTime @1692940446 {#1564
        date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +ip: null
      +tags: null
      +mentions: [
        "@pascalwager@lemm.ee"
      ]
      +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1740 …}
      +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1739 …}
      +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1720 …}
      +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1714 …}
      +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1711 …}
      +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1630 …}
      -id: 26774
      -bodyTs: "'could':1 'describ':14 'imagin':10 'm':7 'pictur':5 'share':3 'troubl':9"
      +ranking: 0
      +commentCount: 0
      +upVotes: 0
      +downVotes: 0
      +visibility: "visible             "
      +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/comment/2360272"
      +editedAt: null
      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692940446 {#1525
        date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +"title": 26774
    }
  ]
  -id: 1943
  -titleTs: "'anyon':2 'fix':6 'help':3 'led':8"
  -bodyTs: "'appreci':78 'board':10 'charg':47,55,63 'charger':29 'feet':85 'figur':6,89 'fix':12 'get':83 'got':16 'guy':70 'hope':88 'issu':25 'learn':75 'led':9,18,49 'left':33 'light':19 'micro':45 'one':44,51 'outlet':54 'perfect':22 'port':30,43,67 'reason':39 'resourc':73 'switch':61 'two':42 'usb':28,52,66 'way':4,59 'wet':86 'whatev':38 'work':21,36 'would':77"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1692967035
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemm.ee/post/5387578"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692932035 {#2346
    date: 2023-08-25 04:53:55.0 +02:00
  }
  +__isInitialized__: true
   …2
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
3 DENIED edit 
Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2023 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
  +slug: "Can-anyone-help-how-to-fix-my-led"
  +title: "Can anyone help how to fix my led?"
  +url: null
  +body: "Is there a way to figure out my LED board and fix it myself? I got this LED light which works perfectly but the issue is the usb charger port on the left is not working for whatever reason. There are two ports one micro for charging the led and one usb for outlet charging. Is there a way to switch the charging to the usb port? If you guys have any resources for learning I would appreciate it too, I will get my feet wet and hopefully figure it out myself…"
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 4
  +favouriteCount: 4
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1693319795 {#2369
    date: 2023-08-29 16:36:35.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2289 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2060 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2325 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2329 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2323 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2300 …}
  +children: [
    App\Entity\EntryComment {#1619
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707 …2}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: null
      +root: null
      +body: "Could you share a picture? I’m having trouble imagining what you are describing"
      +lang: "en"
      +isAdult: false
      +favouriteCount: 3
      +score: 0
      +lastActive: DateTime @1692940446 {#1564
        date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +ip: null
      +tags: null
      +mentions: [
        "@pascalwager@lemm.ee"
      ]
      +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1740 …}
      +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1739 …}
      +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1720 …}
      +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1714 …}
      +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1711 …}
      +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1630 …}
      -id: 26774
      -bodyTs: "'could':1 'describ':14 'imagin':10 'm':7 'pictur':5 'share':3 'troubl':9"
      +ranking: 0
      +commentCount: 0
      +upVotes: 0
      +downVotes: 0
      +visibility: "visible             "
      +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/comment/2360272"
      +editedAt: null
      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692940446 {#1525
        date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +"title": 26774
    }
  ]
  -id: 1943
  -titleTs: "'anyon':2 'fix':6 'help':3 'led':8"
  -bodyTs: "'appreci':78 'board':10 'charg':47,55,63 'charger':29 'feet':85 'figur':6,89 'fix':12 'get':83 'got':16 'guy':70 'hope':88 'issu':25 'learn':75 'led':9,18,49 'left':33 'light':19 'micro':45 'one':44,51 'outlet':54 'perfect':22 'port':30,43,67 'reason':39 'resourc':73 'switch':61 'two':42 'usb':28,52,66 'way':4,59 'wet':86 'whatev':38 'work':21,36 'would':77"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1692967035
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemm.ee/post/5387578"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692932035 {#2346
    date: 2023-08-25 04:53:55.0 +02:00
  }
  +__isInitialized__: true
   …2
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
4 DENIED moderate 
Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707
  +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2023 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
  +slug: "Can-anyone-help-how-to-fix-my-led"
  +title: "Can anyone help how to fix my led?"
  +url: null
  +body: "Is there a way to figure out my LED board and fix it myself? I got this LED light which works perfectly but the issue is the usb charger port on the left is not working for whatever reason. There are two ports one micro for charging the led and one usb for outlet charging. Is there a way to switch the charging to the usb port? If you guys have any resources for learning I would appreciate it too, I will get my feet wet and hopefully figure it out myself…"
  +type: "article"
  +lang: "en"
  +isOc: false
  +hasEmbed: false
  +commentCount: 4
  +favouriteCount: 4
  +score: 0
  +isAdult: false
  +sticky: false
  +lastActive: DateTime @1693319795 {#2369
    date: 2023-08-29 16:36:35.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +adaAmount: 0
  +tags: null
  +mentions: null
  +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2289 …}
  +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2060 …}
  +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2325 …}
  +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2329 …}
  +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2323 …}
  +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2300 …}
  +children: [
    App\Entity\EntryComment {#1619
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707 …2}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: null
      +root: null
      +body: "Could you share a picture? I’m having trouble imagining what you are describing"
      +lang: "en"
      +isAdult: false
      +favouriteCount: 3
      +score: 0
      +lastActive: DateTime @1692940446 {#1564
        date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +ip: null
      +tags: null
      +mentions: [
        "@pascalwager@lemm.ee"
      ]
      +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1740 …}
      +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1739 …}
      +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1720 …}
      +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1714 …}
      +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1711 …}
      +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1630 …}
      -id: 26774
      -bodyTs: "'could':1 'describ':14 'imagin':10 'm':7 'pictur':5 'share':3 'troubl':9"
      +ranking: 0
      +commentCount: 0
      +upVotes: 0
      +downVotes: 0
      +visibility: "visible             "
      +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/comment/2360272"
      +editedAt: null
      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692940446 {#1525
        date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
      }
      +"title": 26774
    }
  ]
  -id: 1943
  -titleTs: "'anyon':2 'fix':6 'help':3 'led':8"
  -bodyTs: "'appreci':78 'board':10 'charg':47,55,63 'charger':29 'feet':85 'figur':6,89 'fix':12 'get':83 'got':16 'guy':70 'hope':88 'issu':25 'learn':75 'led':9,18,49 'left':33 'light':19 'micro':45 'one':44,51 'outlet':54 'perfect':22 'port':30,43,67 'reason':39 'resourc':73 'switch':61 'two':42 'usb':28,52,66 'way':4,59 'wet':86 'whatev':38 'work':21,36 'would':77"
  +cross: false
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +ranking: 1692967035
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://lemm.ee/post/5387578"
  +editedAt: null
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692932035 {#2346
    date: 2023-08-25 04:53:55.0 +02:00
  }
  +__isInitialized__: true
   …2
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
5 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
6 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#1619
  +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
  +entry: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Entry {#1707
    +user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#2023 …}
    +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
    +image: null
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
    +slug: "Can-anyone-help-how-to-fix-my-led"
    +title: "Can anyone help how to fix my led?"
    +url: null
    +body: "Is there a way to figure out my LED board and fix it myself? I got this LED light which works perfectly but the issue is the usb charger port on the left is not working for whatever reason. There are two ports one micro for charging the led and one usb for outlet charging. Is there a way to switch the charging to the usb port? If you guys have any resources for learning I would appreciate it too, I will get my feet wet and hopefully figure it out myself…"
    +type: "article"
    +lang: "en"
    +isOc: false
    +hasEmbed: false
    +commentCount: 4
    +favouriteCount: 4
    +score: 0
    +isAdult: false
    +sticky: false
    +lastActive: DateTime @1693319795 {#2369
      date: 2023-08-29 16:36:35.0 +02:00
    }
    +ip: null
    +adaAmount: 0
    +tags: null
    +mentions: null
    +comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2289 …}
    +votes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2060 …}
    +reports: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2325 …}
    +favourites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2329 …}
    +notifications: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2323 …}
    +badges: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2300 …}
    +children: [
      App\Entity\EntryComment {#1619}
    ]
    -id: 1943
    -titleTs: "'anyon':2 'fix':6 'help':3 'led':8"
    -bodyTs: "'appreci':78 'board':10 'charg':47,55,63 'charger':29 'feet':85 'figur':6,89 'fix':12 'get':83 'got':16 'guy':70 'hope':88 'issu':25 'learn':75 'led':9,18,49 'left':33 'light':19 'micro':45 'one':44,51 'outlet':54 'perfect':22 'port':30,43,67 'reason':39 'resourc':73 'switch':61 'two':42 'usb':28,52,66 'way':4,59 'wet':86 'whatev':38 'work':21,36 'would':77"
    +cross: false
    +upVotes: 0
    +downVotes: 0
    +ranking: 1692967035
    +visibility: "visible             "
    +apId: "https://lemm.ee/post/5387578"
    +editedAt: null
    +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692932035 {#2346
      date: 2023-08-25 04:53:55.0 +02:00
    }
    +__isInitialized__: true
     …2
  }
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
  +image: null
  +parent: null
  +root: null
  +body: "Could you share a picture? I’m having trouble imagining what you are describing"
  +lang: "en"
  +isAdult: false
  +favouriteCount: 3
  +score: 0
  +lastActive: DateTime @1692940446 {#1564
    date: 2023-08-25 07:14:06.0 +02:00
  }
  +ip: null
  +tags: null
  +mentions: [
    "@pascalwager@lemm.ee"
  ]
  +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1740 …}
  +nested: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1739 …}
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    +url: null
    +body: "Is there a way to figure out my LED board and fix it myself? I got this LED light which works perfectly but the issue is the usb charger port on the left is not working for whatever reason. There are two ports one micro for charging the led and one usb for outlet charging. Is there a way to switch the charging to the usb port? If you guys have any resources for learning I would appreciate it too, I will get my feet wet and hopefully figure it out myself…"
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8 DENIED moderate 
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    +slug: "Can-anyone-help-how-to-fix-my-led"
    +title: "Can anyone help how to fix my led?"
    +url: null
    +body: "Is there a way to figure out my LED board and fix it myself? I got this LED light which works perfectly but the issue is the usb charger port on the left is not working for whatever reason. There are two ports one micro for charging the led and one usb for outlet charging. Is there a way to switch the charging to the usb port? If you guys have any resources for learning I would appreciate it too, I will get my feet wet and hopefully figure it out myself…"
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9 DENIED ROLE_USER 
null
 
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10 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\Entry {#1433
  +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
  +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
  +image: null
  +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
  +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
  +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
    \n
    My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
    \n
    I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
    \n
    - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
    - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
    \n
    This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
    \n
    So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
    \n
    This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
    \n
    To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
    \n
    This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
    \n
    However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
    \n
    Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
    """
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    1 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2363
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
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      +image: null
      +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
      +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
      +body: """
        > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
        \n
        That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
        \n
        > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
        \n
        Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
        """
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        "@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de"
        "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
      ]
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      -id: 26781
      -bodyTs: "'2':7 'around':45 'batteri':22 'cannot':47 'clamp':62 'could':1 'diagram':6 'diod':56,83 'divid':29,67 'fet':14,19,43 'first':24 'great':33 'idea':34 'instead':9,57,65 'lie':44 'n':13 'n-fet':12 'p':18,42 'p-fet':17,41 'point':75 'potenti':28 'replac':80 'resistor':25,60,77 'right':50 'robust':69 'second':59 'similar':4 'sure':71 'tri':48 'understand':73 'unfortun':35 'use':15,53 'voltag':64 'would':78 'zener/tvs':55"
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        date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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    2 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
      +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
      +body: """
        > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
        \n
        That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
        \n
        > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
        \n
        Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
        \n
        > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
        \n
        This is a good point!\n
        \n
        My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
        \n
        1. wake up\n
        2. measure battery\n
        3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
        4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
        5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
        \n
        So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
        """
      +lang: "en"
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        date: 2023-08-25 11:03:17.0 +02:00
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      +mentions: [
        "@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de"
        "@WaterWaiver@aussie.zone"
      ]
      +children: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#2381 …}
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      -id: 26780
      -bodyTs: "'/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767)':26 '1':150 '1.04':100 '1.1':105 '100k':68 '10k':8 '10k/92k':99 '2':153,196 '3':156 '4':167 '5':179 '820k':66 '82k':6 '9.6':90,97 '9v':86,95,115 'actual':89,162 'agre':69 'alkalin':85 'alway':191 'argument':30 'basic':149 'batteri':87,116,155,177 'bigger':13 'cap':50 'case':114 'charg':47 'condit':136 'could':2 'current':42 'devic':166 'dissuad':27 'done':58,64 'droop':118 'electronics.stackexchange.com':25 'electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767)':24 'enough':45 'fine':111 'firmwar':143 'fresh':84 'go':79,183 'good':140 'high':126 'includ':176 'increas':4 'inde':96 'initi':19 'input':41 'intern':49,127 'll':78 'load':122,188 'make':129 'measur':35,53,63,75,132,154,157,175 'monoton':147 'much':12 'notic':119 'period':54 'point':141 'post':23 'pretti':146 'probabl':3 'resist':128 'resistor':9 'send':172 'sensor':160 'sleep':185 'solut':82 'stackoverflow':22 'step':195 'still':103 'sure':130 'task':163 'test':60 'though':148 'thought':18 'transceiv':171,182 'turn':168,180 'v':91,98,101,106 've':57 'voltag':117,178 'voltmet':74 'wake':151 'well':70 'within':51 'wrong':38"
      +ranking: 0
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      +visibility: "visible             "
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      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692954197 {#2422
        date: 2023-08-25 11:03:17.0 +02:00
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      +"title": 26780
    }
    0 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#1910 …}
      +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#1910 …}
      +body: """
        Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
        \n
        When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
        \n
        ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
        \n
        and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
        \n
        ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
        \n
        Source:\n
        \n
        spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
        """
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        date: 2023-08-25 13:50:18.0 +02:00
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11 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\Entry {#1433
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  +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
  +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
    \n
    My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
    \n
    I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
    \n
    - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
    - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
    \n
    This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
    \n
    So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
    \n
    This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
    \n
    To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
    \n
    This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
    \n
    However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
    \n
    Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
    """
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      +body: """
        > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
        \n
        That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
        \n
        > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
        \n
        Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
        """
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      -id: 26781
      -bodyTs: "'2':7 'around':45 'batteri':22 'cannot':47 'clamp':62 'could':1 'diagram':6 'diod':56,83 'divid':29,67 'fet':14,19,43 'first':24 'great':33 'idea':34 'instead':9,57,65 'lie':44 'n':13 'n-fet':12 'p':18,42 'p-fet':17,41 'point':75 'potenti':28 'replac':80 'resistor':25,60,77 'right':50 'robust':69 'second':59 'similar':4 'sure':71 'tri':48 'understand':73 'unfortun':35 'use':15,53 'voltag':64 'would':78 'zener/tvs':55"
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        date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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    2 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
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      +body: """
        > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
        \n
        That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
        \n
        > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
        \n
        Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
        \n
        > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
        \n
        This is a good point!\n
        \n
        My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
        \n
        1. wake up\n
        2. measure battery\n
        3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
        4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
        5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
        \n
        So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
        """
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    0 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
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      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
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      +body: """
        Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
        \n
        When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
        \n
        ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
        \n
        and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
        \n
        ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
        \n
        Source:\n
        \n
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        """
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App\Entity\Entry {#1433
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  +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
  +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
  +url: null
  +body: """
    I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
    \n
    My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
    \n
    I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
    \n
    - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
    - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
    \n
    This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
    \n
    So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
    \n
    This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
    \n
    To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
    \n
    This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
    \n
    However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
    \n
    Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
    """
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  +commentCount: 11
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    date: 2023-09-15 14:30:42.0 +02:00
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      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
      +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
      +body: """
        > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
        \n
        That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
        \n
        > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
        \n
        Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
        """
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        "@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de"
        "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
      ]
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      -id: 26781
      -bodyTs: "'2':7 'around':45 'batteri':22 'cannot':47 'clamp':62 'could':1 'diagram':6 'diod':56,83 'divid':29,67 'fet':14,19,43 'first':24 'great':33 'idea':34 'instead':9,57,65 'lie':44 'n':13 'n-fet':12 'p':18,42 'p-fet':17,41 'point':75 'potenti':28 'replac':80 'resistor':25,60,77 'right':50 'robust':69 'second':59 'similar':4 'sure':71 'tri':48 'understand':73 'unfortun':35 'use':15,53 'voltag':64 'would':78 'zener/tvs':55"
      +ranking: 0
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      +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692954353 {#2370
        date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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      +"title": 26781
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    2 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
      +image: null
      +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
      +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
      +body: """
        > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
        \n
        That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
        \n
        > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
        \n
        Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
        \n
        > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
        \n
        This is a good point!\n
        \n
        My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
        \n
        1. wake up\n
        2. measure battery\n
        3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
        4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
        5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
        \n
        So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
        """
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        date: 2023-08-25 11:03:17.0 +02:00
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        "@nilclass@discuss.tchncs.de"
        "@WaterWaiver@aussie.zone"
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      +ranking: 0
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        date: 2023-08-25 11:03:17.0 +02:00
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    0 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
      +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
      +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
      +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
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      +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#1910 …}
      +body: """
        Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
        \n
        When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
        \n
        ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
        \n
        and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
        \n
        ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
        \n
        Source:\n
        \n
        spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
        """
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        "@jjagaimo@lemmy.ca"
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13 DENIED ROLE_USER 
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14 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#2363
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    +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
    +image: null
    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
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        +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
        +body: """
          > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
          \n
          That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
          \n
          > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
          \n
          Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
          \n
          > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
          \n
          This is a good point!\n
          \n
          My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
          \n
          1. wake up\n
          2. measure battery\n
          3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
          4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
          5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
          \n
          So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
          """
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          date: 2023-08-25 11:03:17.0 +02:00
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      0 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
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        +body: """
          Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
          \n
          When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
          \n
          and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
          \n
          Source:\n
          \n
          spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
    \n
    That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
    \n
    > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
    \n
    Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
    """
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    "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
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App\Entity\EntryComment {#2363
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
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    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +body: """
          > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
          \n
          That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
          \n
          > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
          \n
          Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
          \n
          > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
          \n
          This is a good point!\n
          \n
          My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
          \n
          1. wake up\n
          2. measure battery\n
          3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
          4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
          5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
          \n
          So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
          """
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          "@WaterWaiver@aussie.zone"
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          date: 2023-08-25 11:03:17.0 +02:00
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        +body: """
          Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
          \n
          When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
          \n
          and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
          \n
          Source:\n
          \n
          spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
    \n
    That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
    \n
    > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
    \n
    Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
    """
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    "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
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App\Entity\EntryComment {#2363
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +body: """
          > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
          \n
          That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
          \n
          > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
          \n
          Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
          \n
          > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
          \n
          This is a good point!\n
          \n
          My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
          \n
          1. wake up\n
          2. measure battery\n
          3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
          4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
          5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
          \n
          So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
          """
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        +body: """
          Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
          \n
          When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
          \n
          and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
          \n
          Source:\n
          \n
          spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
    \n
    That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
    \n
    > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
    \n
    Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
    """
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App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +body: """
          > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
          \n
          That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
          \n
          > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
          \n
          Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
          """
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          "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
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          date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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        +body: """
          Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
          \n
          When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
          \n
          and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
          \n
          Source:\n
          \n
          spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
          """
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    +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692947232 {#1633
      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
    \n
    That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
    \n
    > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
    \n
    Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
    \n
    > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
    \n
    This is a good point!\n
    \n
    My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
    \n
    1. wake up\n
    2. measure battery\n
    3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
    4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
    5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
    \n
    So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
    """
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19 DENIED edit 
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
        +body: """
          > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
          \n
          That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
          \n
          > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
          \n
          Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
          """
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          date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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        +body: """
          Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
          \n
          When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
          \n
          and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
          \n
          Source:\n
          \n
          spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
    \n
    That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
    \n
    > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
    \n
    Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
    \n
    > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
    \n
    This is a good point!\n
    \n
    My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
    \n
    1. wake up\n
    2. measure battery\n
    3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
    4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
    5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
    \n
    So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
    """
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20 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +body: """
          > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
          \n
          That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
          \n
          > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
          \n
          Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
          """
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          "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
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        +body: """
          Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
          \n
          When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
          \n
          and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
          \n
          ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
          \n
          Source:\n
          \n
          spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
    \n
    That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
    \n
    > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
    \n
    Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
    \n
    > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
    \n
    This is a good point!\n
    \n
    My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
    \n
    1. wake up\n
    2. measure battery\n
    3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
    4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
    5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
    \n
    So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
    """
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App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +body: """
          > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
          \n
          That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
          \n
          > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
          \n
          Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
          """
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        +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692954353 {#2370
          date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
        }
        +"title": 26781
      }
      2 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
        +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
        +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
        +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
        +image: null
        +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
        +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
        +body: """
          > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
          \n
          That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
          \n
          > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
          \n
          Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
          \n
          > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
          \n
          This is a good point!\n
          \n
          My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
          \n
          1. wake up\n
          2. measure battery\n
          3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
          4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
          5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
          \n
          So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
    }
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#1910 …}
  +body: """
    Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
    \n
    When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
    \n
    and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
    \n
    Source:\n
    \n
    spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
    """
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23 DENIED edit 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
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    +domain: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Domain {#1674 …}
    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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      date: 2023-09-15 14:30:42.0 +02:00
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    +children: [
      1 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2363
        +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
        +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
        +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
        +image: null
        +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
        +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2371 …}
        +body: """
          > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
          \n
          That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
          \n
          > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
          \n
          Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
          """
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          "@Yonrak@feddit.uk"
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        -id: 26781
        -bodyTs: "'2':7 'around':45 'batteri':22 'cannot':47 'clamp':62 'could':1 'diagram':6 'diod':56,83 'divid':29,67 'fet':14,19,43 'first':24 'great':33 'idea':34 'instead':9,57,65 'lie':44 'n':13 'n-fet':12 'p':18,42 'p-fet':17,41 'point':75 'potenti':28 'replac':80 'resistor':25,60,77 'right':50 'robust':69 'second':59 'similar':4 'sure':71 'tri':48 'understand':73 'unfortun':35 'use':15,53 'voltag':64 'would':78 'zener/tvs':55"
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          date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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      2 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
        +user: App\Entity\User {#260 …}
        +entry: App\Entity\Entry {#1433}
        +magazine: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Magazine {#1552 …}
        +image: null
        +parent: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
        +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#2383 …}
        +body: """
          > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
          \n
          That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
          \n
          > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
          \n
          Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
          \n
          > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
          \n
          This is a good point!\n
          \n
          My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
          \n
          1. wake up\n
          2. measure battery\n
          3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
          4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
          5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
          \n
          So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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  +body: """
    Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
    \n
    When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
    \n
    and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
    \n
    Source:\n
    \n
    spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
    """
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24 DENIED moderate 
App\Entity\EntryComment {#2379
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    +slug: "How-to-improve-my-battery-measurement-circuit"
    +title: "How to improve my battery measurement circuit?"
    +url: null
    +body: """
      I am powering a 5V microcontroller (arduino clone, atmega328p) using a 9V block and a buck converter. Now I want to let the microcontroller occasionally measure the battery voltage, so I can get an idea of how full it is.\n
      \n
      My first idea was to use a simple voltage divider:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/9d173f1d-8412-4129-8ae1-c549a7895107.png)\n
      \n
      I’ve chosen the resistor values so that:\n
      \n
      - the voltage at the measure output is `< 1.1V`, to be able to use the 1.1V internal reference of the atmega’s ADC\n
      - `R1 || R2 < 10kΩ`, since the atmega datasheet says “The ADC is optimized for analog signals with an output impedance of approximately 10 kΩ or less”\n
      \n
      This is great and all, but what bothers me is that this circuit will constantly draw ~100µA from the battery.\n
      \n
      So, my next thought was to add a mosfet to the divider, to switch it on only while measuring:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/450dc371-58d0-4eb0-8f3b-4e76bf676bf4.png)\n
      \n
      This is obviously bad, because now when the mosfet is off, the ADC input sees the whole battery voltage.\n
      \n
      To address that issue, I’ve added a second mosfet into the measure path:\n
      \n
      ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/970e3840-fcbb-46dd-92fb-8903b89149a0.png)\n
      \n
      This works, and it does not draw any current, except while measuring.\n
      \n
      However, it’s quite a few parts. So I’m curious if anyone has an idea how to do this with just a single mosfet. It seems to me like it should be possible, but I haven’t figured out how.\n
      \n
      Oh, and if I’m doing something stupid here, please tell me :)
      """
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        +body: """
          > Could you do similar to diagram 2, but instead of an N-FET use a P-FET between the battery and first resistor in the potential divider?\n
          \n
          That’s a great idea! Unfortunately I don’t have a P-FET lying around, so cannot try it right now.\n
          \n
          > Or use a zener/TVS diode instead of second resistor to clamp the voltage instead of dividing (more robust).\n
          \n
          Not sure I understand this point. Which resistor would you replace with a diode?
          """
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        -bodyTs: "'2':7 'around':45 'batteri':22 'cannot':47 'clamp':62 'could':1 'diagram':6 'diod':56,83 'divid':29,67 'fet':14,19,43 'first':24 'great':33 'idea':34 'instead':9,57,65 'lie':44 'n':13 'n-fet':12 'p':18,42 'p-fet':17,41 'point':75 'potenti':28 'replac':80 'resistor':25,60,77 'right':50 'robust':69 'second':59 'similar':4 'sure':71 'tri':48 'understand':73 'unfortun':35 'use':15,53 'voltag':64 'would':78 'zener/tvs':55"
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          date: 2023-08-25 11:05:53.0 +02:00
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      2 => App\Entity\EntryComment {#2462
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        +body: """
          > You could probably increase the 82K and 10K resistors to be much bigger\n
          \n
          That’s what I thought initially, but [this stackoverflow post](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/250759/how-many-ohm-is-the-adc-port-internal-resistance-of-the-atmega8#250767) dissuaded me. The argument there is that the measurement will be wrong, if the input current is not enough to charge the internal cap within the measurement period. But I’ve done some testing now, and measurements done with 820k and 100k agree well with what my voltmeter measures, so I’ll go with this solution!\n
          \n
          > a fresh alkaline 9V battery is actually 9.6V or more, not 9V.\n
          \n
          Indeed! `9.6V * 10k/92k = 1.04V` is still below 1.1V, so I should be fine in this case :)\n
          \n
          > 9V battery voltages droop noticeably when under load because of their high internal resistance. Make sure to measure under the same conditions.\n
          \n
          This is a good point!\n
          \n
          My firmware will be pretty monotonic though, basically:\n
          \n
          1. wake up\n
          2. measure battery\n
          3. measure some other sensors (the actual task of the device)\n
          4. turn on a transceiver, send all the measurements (including battery voltage)\n
          5. turn off transceiver & go to sleep\n
          \n
          So, the load should be always the same at step (2).
          """
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:07:12.0 +02:00
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      date: 2023-08-25 09:05:37.0 +02:00
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  +root: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\EntryComment {#1910 …}
  +body: """
    Hm, I don’t understand how this is supposed to work - is that a n-channel or p-channel FET?\n
    \n
    When I sketch it using falstad’s circuitjs, it looks like the FET (n-channel) is a little bit on all the time\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/dae3ca56-da12-4a48-a023-d3c08c614efb.png)\n
    \n
    and fully on, when a pulse is applied\n
    \n
    ![](https://discuss.tchncs.de/pictrs/image/e929b967-601c-4796-8b42-1f17de54f037.png)\n
    \n
    Source:\n
    \n
    spoiler`$ 1 0.000005 10.20027730826997 50 5 43 5e-11 r 144 80 144 176 0 1000 r 0 192 96 192 0 100 t 96 192 144 192 0 1 -8.999999980890745 9.099999980846458e-10 100 default c 144 176 304 176 0 0.000001 -1.7996761414451612e-8 0 f 304 176 384 176 32 2 0.02 d 304 80 304 176 2 default r 384 192 384 272 0 1000 r 384 272 384 352 0 1000 g 384 352 384 384 0 0 g 144 208 144 256 0 0 w 144 80 304 80 0 w 384 160 384 80 0 w 384 80 304 80 0 v 528 256 528 208 0 0 40 9 0 0 0.5 w 528 256 528 352 0 w 528 352 384 352 0 w 528 208 528 80 0 w 528 80 384 80 0 g -48 208 -48 256 0 0 R -48 176 -48 128 0 0 40 5 0 0 0.5 S 0 192 -48 192 0 0 false 0 2 p 384 272 272 272 3 0 0 g 272 272 272 304 0 0`___
    """
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  +ranking: 0
  +commentCount: 0
  +upVotes: 0
  +downVotes: 0
  +visibility: "visible             "
  +apId: "https://discuss.tchncs.de/comment/2366650"
  +editedAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692964281 {#2461
    date: 2023-08-25 13:51:21.0 +02:00
  }
  +createdAt: DateTimeImmutable @1692964218 {#2458
    date: 2023-08-25 13:50:18.0 +02:00
  }
  +"title": 26788
}
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
25 DENIED ROLE_ADMIN 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details
26 DENIED ROLE_MODERATOR 
null
 
"Scheb\TwoFactorBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\TwoFactorInProgressVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\RoleHierarchyVoter"
 ACCESS DENIED 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\EntryVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MagazineVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageThreadVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\MessageVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\NotificationVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\OAuth2UserConsentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostCommentVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\PostVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN 
"App\Security\Voter\UserVoter"
 ACCESS ABSTAIN
Show voter details