I think no one has mentioned the base for all the cryptographic functions. A mathematical operation which is simple in one direction but very hard in the the other (backwards). The factorisation of large prime numbers is one example.
I work in a big international company. We regularly have phishing (email) awareness training. But they outsource about everything and regularly change the providers. So we often get totally legit emails from just some random companies and are supposed to visit/ login to some previously unknown domains.
Interesting. In German there is the old (biblical) word “Männin”. Which is literally the female form of “Mann” (man). Maybe the original language the translation comes from has something similar.
These are multiple printouts of the code. The computer did not only execute precalculated instruction. (This would be a sequencer BTW.). Try it yourself AGC.