Wow, that's far bigger than I was expecting considering how far Serbia is from the sea. I know the Danube is a big river, but still, this is over 600 km from the mouth as the crow flies
I think it is a relatively new phenomena where it isn’t a regular thing to lose a portion of a digit.
Also in a similar level of inquiry these researchers are engaging in: the guy who lost a finger wrestling a coyote is also likely to be the one to tell that story.
“Oh no middle finger guy? Yeah I know that story. It was coming right at him.”
I used to work at a zoo and a lot of the older keepers had a finger or part missing to some animal or another back when health and safety was less, used to be common in factories too, Tony Iommi lost bits in a factory and has spoken about how it wasn't that unusual.
I’ve been thinking about this a lot recently. I don’t think this finding suggests that humans are innately negative forces in ecosystems, but rather that becoming indigenous to a place is a process. As people spread out to new areas, they didn’t have cultural practices that maintained historical ecological relations, and upended some of the ecology in the new places. But over time, it’s in everyone’s best interest to maintain relatively sustainable and cyclical ecological relations for long term survivalship, and that becomes part of the culture and stories, and then you get indigeneity. I think there’s no coincidence that the megafauna that still exists is primarily in the area where humans evolved (subsaharan africa). This is where people have been indigenous to the longest, perhaps before people had the means to extirpate megafauna. And once the cultural indigeneity was in place, there were reasons to not destroy megafauna populations (until the modern colonial era, at least)
Until a people develop science its pretty silly to me to assign a value judgment to things like this. Invasive species wipe out other species all the time, and did so before humans to boot. Mitigating that is ideal, but you don’t even really conceive of a problem until you have a society which can conceive of the harms and alternatives anyway.
Yeah i think you have a point but I also think humans were moral agents and ascribed value to each other and their environment long long before the advent of science
In the book Sapiens, a Brief History of Humankind, Yuval Noah Harari proposes that one of the problems with humans is that we lept to the top of the foodchain too quickly. Other alpha predators like lions got there by slowly evolving over millions of years, giving themselves time to adjust to their new position and giving nature time to delevope checks and balances. For example, antelope getting faster over time.
Neither we nor nature has adjusted to the new hierarchy. We are unable and unwilling to create enough checks and balances on ourselves so we rape the environment and set whole species to extinction.
When the first humans arrived in Australia almost immediately all the large mammals were wiped out. They didn’t have time to learn to fear the tiny little apes newly arrived on their shores.
An interesting point he made is that genetically we are still scavengers. The earliest tools were likely for smashing apart bones to get at the marrow, after other animals had taken their share. We still feel hunted, and it could be that a large part of anxiety and depression we see could be attributed to our insecurity at our place in the world.
If you once again look at a lion, they are full of confidence and power and all the things we expect to see in an alpha predator. Who knows how long it might take humanity to become comfortable with our place in the world. Who knows if we and the planet will be able to adapt together well enough for that to come to fruition, rather than just becoming another extinct species ourselves.
New World capuchin monkeys are well-known by their ability to solve problems using stone tools that have the characteristics and morphology of some human-made stone tools.
I knew chimps etc used sticks but was unaware of actual stone tool use by monkeys
The researchers put the increase in violence in the 5th and 4th millennia BCE down to the agglomeration of humans in the first, still poorly organized, cities. The rate of violence only reduced significantly once legal systems, a centrally controlled army, and religious institutions (for example, religious festivals) developed.
this seems to be the origins of the Tower of Babel story to me.. in the Late Bronze Age people still told stories about a time long before (3000 years prior), when people had tried to settle down in those poorly organized, agglomeration cities mentioned in the article.. they still told stories about the chaos of cities without laws/religion and no common language..
Reminds me of how things like flood myths might have actually come from times of great natural disasters that got passed down in stories.
I’ve also always wondered if stories about elves, dwarves, etc. are ancient, tattered memories of prehistoric times when homo sapiens was not the only hominid walking the earth.
We overlapped with Neanderthals, Denisovans, Homo floresiensis, etc. (And interbred. nationalgeographic.com/…/enigmatic-human-relative… ) So there was a time when anatomically modern humans walked the earth when other almost-human-but-not species still lived.
And it’s always seemed to me the variety of almost-humans in mythology from around the world might be in some cases an ancient memory of that.
in general i think we undervalue the ability of pre-literate humans to keep memories alive for truly inconceivable stretches of time.. especially when they are really important, like when entire cities tear themselves apart with anarchy and no doubt every known disease as a result.. the drama of it can't be overstated on the minds of the people who lived it.. they had only recently been kicked out of Eden, which was also very real in their minds.. those people knew all the Gods had turned their backs on them, because they lived the first real large scale human suffering..
archaeology
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