The issue isn’t with Linux directly so any distro you use will do the same.
It could be a hardware issue that the machine is not dissipating heat.
Or it could be that you need some kind of driver/controller software for fan. It sounds like the system isn’t properly controlling the fan. It leaves it low when it doesn’t defect usage but when it does, instead of increasing the fan a little bit at a time, it just goes full tilt to be safe. It probably cannot read the temperature sensors and so has no idea whether your need cooling or not.
I don’t know the answer but do some googling around system temperature reading on that model and see if there is a module you need to install.