ZFS is a crazy beast that’s best for high end server systems with tiered storage and lots of RAM.
ext4 is really just a basic file system. Its superior to NTFS and fat as it does have extra features to try to prevent corruption but it doesn’t have a large feature set.
Btrfs is kind of the new kid on the block. It has strong protection against corruption and has better real world performance than ext4. It also has more advanced features like sub volumes and snapshots. subvolumes are basically virtual drives.
Another few older options include things like XFS but I won’t go into those.