It depends on the type of machine you’re talking about. Pet machines, bare metal or VMs, such as workstations, desktops, laptops are generally upgraded because it takes a while to re-setup everything. Cattle machines such as servers are generally recreated. With that said, creation of such machines typically involves some sort of automation that does the work for you. Setup scripts are the very basic, however configuration as code systems such as Ansible, SaltStack are much preferable. So if I had a VM that runs acme.sh, I’d write an Ansible runbook that creates it from a vanilla OS installation. I stop here for my own infrastructure. When we do this in cloud environments where we need to spin up more than one such VM and quickly, we’d have the OS install and Ansible run in a Jenkins job which builds a VM image that’s pushed to the cloud. Then we spin up ready acme.sh VMs from that image which takes seconds.