@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Atemu

@Atemu@lemmy.ml

Interested in Linux, FOSS, data storage systems, unfucking our society and a bit of gaming.

I help maintain Nixpkgs.

github.com/Atemu
reddit.com/u/Atemu12 (Probably won’t be active much anymore.)

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Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Approaching at $9.99/month.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

And now you get to be the only one who breaks your system on a regular basis ;)

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

These aren’t all versions per se but mostly variants, versions and versions of variants. For example, we have packaged the xanmod kernel which is a modified kernel optimised for desktop use but it has two variants: Main and LTS. We have packaged both.

Here are the names of all of our kernels currently to give you an idea (as a JSON list):


<span style="color:#323232;">[
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages-libre"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages-rt"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages-rt_latest"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_4_14"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_4_19"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_4_19_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_4_9"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_10"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_10_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_15"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_15_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_18"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_19"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_4"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_5_4_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_0"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_1"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_1_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_2"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_3"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_4"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_5"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_5_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_6_6"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_custom"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_custom_tinyconfig_kernel"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_latest"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_latest-libre"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_latest_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_latest_xen_dom0"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_latest_xen_dom0_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_lqx"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rpi0"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rpi02w"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rpi1"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rpi2"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rpi3"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rpi4"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rt_5_10"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rt_5_15"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rt_5_4"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_rt_6_1"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_testing"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_testing_bcachefs"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_xanmod"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_xanmod_latest"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_xanmod_stable"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_xen_dom0"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_xen_dom0_hardened"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"linuxPackages_zen"
</span><span style="color:#323232;">]
</span>

(Note that some of these are aliases; linuxPackages_latest is currently linuxPackages_6_6 for example.)

Each of these has the following nvidiaPackages (modulo incompatibilities):


<span style="color:#323232;">[
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"beta"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"dc"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"dc_520"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"latest"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"legacy_340"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"legacy_390"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"legacy_470"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"production"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"stable"</span><span style="color:#323232;">,
</span><span style="color:#323232;">  </span><span style="color:#183691;">"vulkan_beta"
</span><span style="color:#323232;">]
</span>

(Again, some of these are aliases.)

This is useful to have because users might have hardware constraints. It’s not hard to imagine a scenario where a user might have a WiFi chip that only works with kernel ABIs < 5.4 and require the 470 nvidia driver for their old GPU. Packaging just the latest kernel and just the latest Nvidia driver would make this user unable to use their system.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

there’s a different nvidia driver for each kernel version. Already a stupid design

That’s not a stupid design at all. A nvidia kernel module artifact is only compatible with exactly one kernel ABI. Thus you need one binary nvidia package for each kernel you ship.

Arch also has one package for every kernel ABI they ship: nvidia and nvidia-lts.
Though it should be noted that their design assumes that these two ABIs are the only possible ABIs which isn’t strictly the case as the zen, hardened or RT variants may sometimes lag behind their regular counterpart. That’s a stupid design if anything as it increases the friction of kernel ABI upgrades as a kernel package maintainer.

We at NixOS also ship the nvidia module for each of our ~50 kernel variants; all major versions of the Nvidia module compatible with that kernel in fact.
The only possible way to access these nvidia kernel modules is via a certain kernel’s linuxPackages attribute set that contains all packages that rely on a kernel ABI such as kernel modules or packages like perf. That’s good design if you ask me but I’m obviously biased ;)

Signal leaked random contacts to me! (feddit.de)

When I press on some message to forward it, it shows me Random usernames of contacts I don’t know. And it even shows some Mobile Numbers I don’t know. For example, one number starts with +964 that’s Iraq. I’m from Europe tho. These contacts and numbers are from all over the place....

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Could it be that these are spam numbers that tried to reach you at some point but were blocked before they could?

Google Researchers’ Attack Prompts ChatGPT to Reveal Its Training Data (www.404media.co)

ChatGPT is full of sensitive private information and spits out verbatim text from CNN, Goodreads, WordPress blogs, fandom wikis, Terms of Service agreements, Stack Overflow source code, Wikipedia pages, news blogs, random internet comments, and much more....

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Accountability? For tech giants? AHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAA

Librewolf but like... for chromium?

My main browser is Librewolf but I keep a chromium browser just in case. Previously used brave but their flatpak is shit. Ungoogled chromium seems ok but it looks like they don’t change much from upstream chromium. Any good chromium browsers which harden their browsers like librewolf does for more privacy?

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Why bother with such micro optimisations when the purpose is to be used extremely infrequently for compatibility reasons?

What distro would you recommend for a 32-bit old Acer One laptop? (kbin.social)

It's an old model (Acer One D257) Processor is Intel Atom. Memory is 1GB DDR3 with 320 GB of HDD. I currently Have MX 21 running on it, but I need to reinstall because I forgot the root password. Since I'm reinstalling the OS, I thought I'd ask here for recommendations for an OS that makes the most of this oldie.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

See if you can get the memory upgraded. DDR3 SO-DIMMs should be dirt cheap.

I’d also get a cheap SSD aswell, especially if this is for a child who might not be very careful with the machine.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

systemd-boot discovers windows automatically, no need for configuration.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Yeah, as a nixos-unstable user, you’ve been running “23.11” for the past 6 months ;)

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

No, not obviously.

People new to Nix/NixOS always seem to think that flakes are some kind of fundamental shift or something and if you don’t use flakes, you’re not going to be ready for the future or whatever.
No, they’re not. They’re “just” a standardised method of composing separate Nix projects.

In the most common NixOS case (and especially when starting out) you have exactly one external Nix project you depend on and that’s Nixpkgs. Flakes provide very little (if any) benefit in this specific case.

If you’re starting out, you don’t need to care one bit about flakes, experimental features and the documentation of features that are not intended to be commonly used yet (especially not for beginners).

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

And entirely optional.

Is it better to use a non-FOSS email and phone number forwarder or to use one of each for everything? (www.cloaked.app)

I like to try websites out before tying my identity to them. How do you do it? Simplelogin? I honestly won’t manually make a new gmail for every new website I try and I to want the option to see what emails I get.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

How do you reply to emails to your catch-all?

(solved) I can't get my linux system to run properly

I chose to use opensuse tw kde based on some vm tests. The installation was easy but for some reason the video playback on youtube is terrible. It stutters. First thing I did after install was to use opi to install codecs. Then I used Yast to get the Nvidia repo. Lastly, I used the software manager to install the video g06...

Atemu, (edited )
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

If this is a VM, video playback stutters do not surprise me one bit. There’s many layers between the video and the image you see on screen here and they’re not optimised for viewing fidelity. This is likely not due to Linux but because you’re running this inside a with an emulated GPU. GUIs in VMs usually suck.

Optional codecs won’t help for Youtube since they serve royalty-free codecs such as VP9 or AV1 most of the time rather than patent-encoumbered codecs such as H.264 and free codecs are always installed.
That would also not fix stutters, only videos not playing back at all (because there’d be no decoder that could).

If this is a VM, installing the Nvidia driver also won’t do anything because the machine has no access to your host’s GPU. Not that the nvidia driver would change anything about videos since no sane browser supports their proprietary crap driver, so it’s software decoding either way.

You should try this on real hardware. You technically don’t even need to install as most GUI distros have a graphical installer with Firefox etc. pre-installed that you can use to test this.

If you have an Nvidia GPU, I’d recommend you to try !pop_os.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Don’t. Use a proper package manager for permanent installation of things. There’s a reason we have those.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

That and ease of deployment.

If you as a developer wanted a non-technical user to test a thing you fixed for them, you could ask them to try an AppImage from your CI pipeline and they would easily be able to install it. They’re great for that.

Also, trying out a package can leave unwanted system state around in traditional imperative system package managers. AppImages OTOH are self-contained and user-installable.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Unless some sandboxing or other explicit security measure is in place, any software you run typically has access to your entire home directory, including .ssh/. If any one of those was compromised somehow, they’ve got access to your SSH keys.

That’s a gigantic attack surface if you ask me.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

GTK 4 does not, possibly in a future version

That would be news to me. Has GTK finally managed to switch away from using actual real hardware pixels as its base unit for measurement?

Considering Gentoo

I have an old iMac that I am planning to install some flavor of Linux on and while I was looking at various distros it occurred to me that it might be a good exercise to install Gentoo on it. Other than a separate machine for documentation and downloading the necessary packages, what else should I have set up to try this? Has...

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

I’d also add a build machine to the setup. Building a modern desktop system on such a machine would take days.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

You should be spending very little time, if any, in that folder.

Hahaha, tell that to lemmy.ml/c/unixporn

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Were you using the Google espionage services on GOS? If so, you’d likely gain a little privacy because of µG.

Some devices can lock the bootloader but that’s not a generally supported feature on /e/OS.

What's an elegant way of automatically backing up the contents of a large drive to multiple smaller drives that add up to the capacity of the large drive? (on Linux)

So I have a nearly full 4 TB hard drive in my server that I want to make an offline backup of. However, the only spare hard drives I have are a few 500 GB and 1 TB ones, so the entire contents will not fit all at once, but I do have enough total space for it. I also only have one USB hard drive dock so I can only plug in one...

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

I don’t want to do any sort of RAID 0 or striping because the hard drives are old and I don’t want a single one of them failing to make the entire backup unrecoverable.

This will happen in any case unless you had enough capacity for redundancy.

What is in this 4TB drive? A Linux installation? A bunch of user data? Both? What kind of data?

The first step to this is to separate your concerns. If you had e.g. a 20GiB Linux install, 10GiB of loose home files, 1TiB of Movies, 500GiB of photos, 1TiB of games and 500GiB of Music for example, you could back each of those up separately onto separate drives.

Now, it’s likely that you’d still have more data of one category than what fits on your largest external drive (movies are a likely candidate).

For this purpose, I use git-annex.branchable.com. It’s a beast to get into and set up properly with plenty of footguns attached but it was designed to solve issues like this elegantly.
One of the most important things it does is separate file content from file metadata; making metadata available in all locations (“repos”) while data can be present in only a subset, thereby achieving distributed storage. I.e. you could have 4TiB of file contents distributed over a bunch of 500GiB drives but in each one of those repos you’d have the full file tree available (metadata of all files + content of present files) allowing you to manage your files in any place without having all the contents present (or even any). It’s quite magical.

Once configured properly, you can simply attach a drive, clone the git repo onto it and then run a git annex sync --content and it’ll fill that drive up with as much content as it can or until each “file”'s numcopies or other configured constraints are reached.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

I use NixOS but I don’t bother with automatic deployment or even automatic formatting. I don’t feel it’s necessary in a homelab setting as hardware failure rarely happens at such small scale and the manual steps left aren’t that significant.

Atemu, (edited )
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

The way it’s written doesn’t say whether it simply isn’t made to work for Firefox or whether it couldn’t be made to work for Firefox. Fortunately, the latter appears to be the case.

Atemu,
@Atemu@lemmy.ml avatar

Detecting extensions using web accessible resources is not possible on Firefox as Firefox extension ID’s are unique for every browser instance. Therefore the URL of the extension resources cannot be known by third parties.

and also for Chrome:

in manifest v3 extensions will be able to enable ‘use_dynamic_url’ option, which will change the resource URL for each session (browser restart). This will render this detection method unusable.

Though it should be noted that this method isn’t the only way to detect extensions.

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