Fedora has always been where Red Hat goes to force the adoption of not quite finished software. If you are not okay with that, you shouldn’t be using Fedora. This is not the first time they’ve done it, and it won’t be the last.
Your root filesystem is NTFS? That’s likely the problem - I’m surprised it boots at all. Switching to a Linux filesystem is the likely solution. You could also try a newer kernel, too - 5.10 is quite old, current LTS is 6.1. Good luck.
It’s a thing with certain laptops, where their secure boot certs are outdated or something. Not really anything you can do to fix, but it doesnt mean anything in practice - I never had issues with it after running linux across multiple distros about a year on my Acer nitro 5.
only thing you might have issues with is using secure boot in certain distros but if you don’t have problems then no need to worry
In the grub menu, choose advanced options and then choose an older kernel to boot into.
If that boots fine, remove and reinstall the newest installed kernel and run sudo update-grub.
That should be the easiest way to fix the most possible causes of this error.
Edit: Now would be a very good time to back up all your data to an external drive. This might be a sign of your hard drive failing.
I wouldn’t assume a failing disk either.
But every time there’s an error you can’t pin on something you just did, a full backup should be the first thing you do as a matter of principle.
ok, I’ll backup all data first. How can I remove old kernel without enter in grub menu (since usually boot works well) and select the oldone as default? Thanks
By default, your grub menu should show up every time you boot.
If it doesn’t, boot your PC and do: sudo nano /etc/default/grub
You need these lines: GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
Every line starting with: GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT
should be commented out like so: #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT
Then run sudo update-grub and reboot.
What this does:
sets a countdown of 10 seconds before grub boots the kernel
tells grub to show the boot menu during that countdown
doesn’t use a hidden countdown that waits for a button press to show the menu
In the grub menu, select advanced options and there you should be able to select an older kernel to boot.
ok, thank you very much for detailed explanation, yes I remember that I had removed timeout from grub in the past, I will follow your procedure and select previous kernel. Another question, once I’v selected the older kernel did you think that removing (it’s fine using apt?) and resinstall newest kernel will fix the issue or I’v to keep the older kernel? In case I’v to keep the older kernel how can I avoid that it will be overwritten once I update the os?
I think the newer kernel should work after reinstallation.
If it doesn’t and you want to stay with the older one:
apt list --installed linux-image*
There should be a package with a specific version number in its name. For example, the standard kernel for Debian 11 is: linux-image-5.10.0-26-amd64
Uninstall the linux-image-… package you don’t want to keep.
Also uninstall linux-image-amd64 which is the meta-package that pulls in the newest kernel version. Without it, you won’t get new kernel versions in upgrades.
I second the advice to switch to a different/previous/known good kernel. That has been the cause a most boot problems for me. I just had it happen on a VM a couple of weeks ago, so I switched to the old kernel, then removed the new kernel. I’ll wait for another kernel before upgrading.
It’s probably worth scanning your disk just in case as well.
Initial benchmarks show better performance than btrfs (at least for some workloads), but more importanty, I like that it offers tiered/cache storage - so you can use a fast and small drive (NVMe) to speed up a slow and bigger drive (HDD). You can do that with ZFS as well of course, but it doesn’t have the massive RAM requirements. Also it’s much more easier to set up and configure in comparison.
BTRFS is honestly really great and has been for the last few years. Dont take the word of random people on the interwebs, check out some modern sources of info on the subject. Some people love to complain about RAID5/6 but if you use BTRFS the BTRFS way then it is solid.
With that said, if you dont need snapshots, drive mirroring, sub volumes, bit rot protection etc then EXT4 is hard to beat for reliability.
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