The square root of negative 1 is “i”. The “i” referrs to an imaginary number. When you square a number (e.g. 2^2 ) the result will always be positive. This is because you are multiplying the number with itself, and a negative number multiplied by another negative number will be positive. So -2 * -2 = 4, -3 * -3 = 9, and so on.
A square root is the inverse of this. It attempts to find what the original number was that was squared, so sqrt(4) = 2, sqrt(9) = 3, and so on. However, what do you do if you have sqrt(-4)? There’s no way for a square to result in a negative number, so the result must be imaginary. So sqrt(-4) = 2i, sqrt(-9) = 3i, and so on. As such, sqrt(-1) = i.
For the next part, when you divide one number by another, it is sometimes referred to as [first number] over [second number].
Finally, 8, well, sounds like “ate”.
So sqrt(-1)/8 = i/8 = i over eight= I over ate.
(Sorry if this came off as condescending near the end, I’m trying to be thorough in case you aren’t a native English speaker)
Footnote: Yeah, I saw that he had done some bad faith research, but remember open access is for everyone in the world, not just free rider corporate shills.
Footnote 2: If it is not feasible to go for gold OA journals, please go for green route: publish in closed but allows authors to put it up on preprint like arXiv.
To help describe the different particle configurations as you go into deeper and deeper layers of neutron stars - the way intense gravity plus pressure clumps the particles together - physicists have started referring to them as Gnocchi, Spaghetti and Lasagna.
Gnocchi are lumps of neutrons bunched together.
Spaghetti are strands of these Gnocchi.
Lasagna are sheets of these Spaghetti.
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