I strongly recommend Mint Cinnamon for those coming from Windows. It just works and feels similar, though it’s not a perfect comparison and will require you to explore things a little bit. Even so, you should be able to run most things without the command line or worrying about how the OS and file system are structured
Did something similar with my aunt. She bought this laptop that had Windows 10 installed on a hard disk. Right click the Start menu to open the Properties dialog, go make a sandwich, you’ll have half the sandwich eaten before the right click menu opens.
I added a SATA SSD and a stick of RAM, and a copy of Mint Cinnamon. She took right to it, especially when I showed her how the software manager worked and that it’s very similar to the Play Store on her Samsung tablet.
Reminded her a lot of the WinXP and Win7 desktops she used to have.
OpenSUSE Tumbleweed is an awesome distro with up to date packages. KDE is also a great choice, especially with Plasma 6.0 around the corner.
I wouldn’t worry too much about Nvidia drivers, just follow OpenSUSE’s guide [1]. The remaining issues of Nvidia with KDE Wayland are getting fixed over the coming months.
Edit: OpenSUSE can’t ship some codecs by default for legal reasons (like RedHat, Fedora), but makes it simple to enable them (optionally through graphical YaST) [2].
I must be ancient then. I recognized, and I think used, all of those cards/chips.
Some personally. Some at work. At work I used to maintain and MS-DOS / early Windows graphics program. I had to test the program’s compatibility with a stack of graphics cards.
I’ve been using (or, in some cases, trying to use) that when it was brand new. Kernel side was relatively easy - but there was a lot of compiling custom versions of XFree86 trying to get acceleration working properly.
On the one hand a bit sad to see that kind of history I’ve experienced myself go - on the other hand, it’s probably been a decade since I’ve last used something without KMS, and the ease of use of modern KMS drivers is way ahead of all the older stuff.
I’ve had a system in the late 90s with a 3dfx voodoo card. Also had a laptop with a SIS card from the early 2000 era.
The voodoo card was THE card to have it it’s day (mine was an older second hand system though). The SIS card… for some reason they decided that standard VESA mode probing wasn’t a thing they supported and would hardware crash when that API was used. I eventually got it working in Linux after patching xfree86 to not attempt probing when loading the VESA driver.
I had a SIS card back in the day as well. I never got it working with Xfree86 itself but I did find a proprietary xserver called Accelerated-X that supported it.
I think I remember running into that as well but for whatever reason I couldn’t get accelerated-x working with the opengl libraries I was using for school. Likely the issue was just a lack of understanding on my part as I don’t think I had a good grasp of the Linux library loader until well after I graduated.
I have been having the same issue with a Lenovo laptop but on NixOS. I suppose this is a kernel issue; I’ll try updating and see if it solves the issue.
I'm also a beginner and I noticed that debian let me install a lot of possible desktops. So I installed all of them, and I can switch on the password screen which one to open. I'm trying some stuff this way.
If you notice issues with Wayland screen sharing or flatpak file manager not opening, try uninstalling Gnome/KDE. The xdg-desktop-portals for different desktops sometimes don’t work correctly while concurrently installed. If you don’t notice issues, it should work fine.
My preferred way is to create an encrypted disk image using LUKS, backed by a sparse file. Sparse means that, while you’ll still need to specify a size for the encrypted volume, it won’t actually use the space on the underlying disk until you use the space on the encrypted volume. You could even make the encrypted volume bigger than your physical disk (though of course you’d get an error if you tried to actually use that extra space).
There are a few ways to setup a LUKS container; if you want to learn how to do it manually, this howto i just found looks like a good overview of the steps (though I wouldn’t recommend doing its final Setup auto mount section).
These days, you can also create a LUKS volume on a sparse file entirely using a GUI such as the GNOME Disks program. Using it, just click the hamburger menu and select “New Disk Image” and then with your new disk image selected click the gears menu and “Format Partition” and there should be a checkbox for LUKS on that screen. If you leave “Erase” turned off (which is the default), then the backing file will be sparse.
One downside to the sparse disk image approach is that when you delete files from the encrypted volume you will not regain that space on the outer disk automatically. It is possible to, but requires work to do so which I won’t try to document here.
Another approach which doesn’t have that downside is to use eCryptfs instead of LUKS. It stores each encrypted file separately (with an encrypted name) and thus doesn’t hide the directory structure or file sizes - only directory and file names and file contents are encrypted. It also appears to have not been updated since 2016, but, it is still included in various distributions so it is also an option. You can read about how to use it (and other caveats about it) on the arch wiki.
I have used gocryptfs (github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs) in the past, it creates an overlay mount that encrypts each dir and file separately, so no need to precreate a container. There are some security downsides to this approach though so be aware of that. nuetzlich.net/gocryptfs/threat_model/
Your desktop handles Wayland, Xwayland, preinstalled apps, file management, some services and GUI integration, networking, Printing, Bluetooth, GPS (if available), cell data (if available)… so I would say it does in part come from the Desktop.
The Desktop is software which needs resources, gives access, reads and writes data,…
For example SELinux Confined Users break KDE, but not GNOME afaik
I don’t think it does. The services and apps are all broken down into smaller chunks so there isn’t going to be a clear desktop that’s better. I haven’t heard of any CVEs in KDE or gnome either so I’m not convinced that my desktop is a threat. For me the biggest threat is my web browser and physical security
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